Baltic-Pontic Studies, 2016, vol. 21
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Item The fortresses of Ukraine. The builders of early iron age strongholds in Podolia(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2016-10) Ignaczak, Marcin; Boltryk, Yuriy; Shelekhan, Oleksandr; Lifantii, Oksana; Olędzki, Łukasz; Tokarczuk, AgnieszkaThe most challenging question regarding the defensive settlements of the Pontic forest ‑steppe is the reason behind their construction at all and size. The most frequent interpretations centre around two questions: were they to protect from external threats (i.e. the nomads) or were they the result of a carefully planned construction strategy related to the economic and social pressure from the Greek colonies in the Black Sea region? it is also possible that both explanations are true.Item Metal artefacts from the Severynivka hillfort(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2016-10) Lifantii, Oksana; Shelekhan, Oleksandr; Lifantii, OksanaThere is a considerable amount of bronze and iron products originating from the Severynivka hillfort. The findings were divided into groups according to function. Assumptions have been made about the source regions of their origin.Item The elements of the horse bridle from the Severynivka hillfort(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2016-10) Shelekhan, Oleksandr; Lifantii, Oksana; Lifantii, OksanaThis article is devoted to horse bridle details. They are made from horn and belong to the Scythian time. Artefacts and associated materials are analysed in complex. The supposition of their local production is proposed.Item Research in the central part of Severynivka hillfort (quadrats F80, F90, G71, G81)(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2016-10) Shelekhan, Oleksandr; Lifantii, Oksana; Boltryk, Yuriy; Ignaczak, Marcin; Sheyko, IraThe article deals with excavations in the central part of Severynivka hillfort. In the mentioned area there was found and studied a part of the large multi ‑layered complex, which is considered as the remains of probable public worship structure. in the complex filling there were revealed numerous finds of wares, including a number of complete ta ‑bleware and miniature forms, tools, jewelry and weapons. Also there were traced the tracks of rites administering that is recorded by the physical layout of objects in the complex and a female jaw find.Item Defensive structures of Severynivka hillfort (excavations of 2009 and 2012 ‑2013)(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2016-10) Shelekhan, Oleksandr; Lifantii, Oksana; Boltryk, Yuriy; Ignaczak, Marcin; Sheyko, IraThe article focuses on the research results of Severynivka hillfort fortifications. in 2009 a rampart and a moat on a cliff on the south floor ‑level side. In 2012 ‑2013 there was made a rampart and escarp sections in the north ‑eastern part of the fortification. Separate stages of its construction are distinguished; the possible reconstruction of the defensive structures is suggested.Item Photogrammetry ‑based spatial analyses of settlements in Severynivka and Nemyriv(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2016-10) Ławniczak, Marcin; Staniuk, RobertDuring the Polish ‑Ukrainian archaeological project “Fortresses of Ukraine” it was proposed to study two of the most significant sites with the newest possible technology. The final decision was made to apply the digital photogrammetry that was acquired with the use of drones.Item Ukrainian fortresses a study of a strongholds system from the early iron age in Podolia(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2016-10) Ławniczak, Marcin; Sokołowska, AnnaThere are two levels of detailed characteristic of the aforementioned sites. The first is the construction aspect, such as the area of the site (within the fortifications only) and the shape of the fortifications. The second level of detailed characteristics is description and presentation of the natural factors surrounding the sites, such as landforms and its location regarding to watercourses and watersheds.Item Macrospatial analysis of early scythian fortified settlements in the right ‑bank of Ukraine(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Prahistorii Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Poznań). Instytut Wschodni, 2016-10) Ławniczak, Marcin; Ignaczak, Marcin; Staniuk, RobertThe macrospatial analysis of fortified settlements in the right ‑bank of Ukraine allows for observations of a few regularities related to the location of sites along the rivers and watersheds. ‘Land’ settlements, e.g. Yakushyntsi or Mlynok, may have connected sites located along large watercourses, e.g. Trakhtemyriv, Rudkivtsi, which specialised in trade with the Greeks.