Socjologiczna koncepcja narodu Czesława Znamierowskiego
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Date
1987
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Czesław Znamierowski's conception of a nation
Abstract
The scientific output of Cz. Znamierowski shows how misleading are the
institutional criteria of marking the boundries of scientific disciplines. Being the
head of the Chair of the Theory of State and Law, he would find it easy to take
up subjects belonging to the humanities sensu largo. Above all, however, he would
reveal his predilection for sociology and for the issues of a nation in particular.
Researching — by Polish sociology — the problems of a nation is an integral part
of the Polish cultural heritage with its characteristic feature of thinking in terms
of a nation.
The problems of a nation can be found in many works by Cz. Znamierowski.
They are most conspicuous in Elementary Knowledge of a State (1934) and The
Rehabilitation of a Nation (1938).
For Znamierowski, a nation is "a homogenous community which has already
reached a certain and rather high degree of cultural development". A national
community must meet two requirements. Firstly, there must be a community of
speech. Secondly, there must exist a common national feeling. The common language,
being a means of maintaining a spiritual contact, is, according to Znamierowski,
an especially important bond in a nation. The national feeling may be
divided into the following elements: a conviction as to the common descent; attachment
for the common history; the feeling of community of interests and life tasks
for the future; community of opinions on what is right and beautiful; mutual
kindness, goodwill and solidarity among the members of a group.
A nation is a natural community whose common features and similarity of
attitudes are developed due to many centuries of spatial adjacency. The result of
such a coexistence is intimacy of spiritual contact, the whole spiritual world of
a nation. A nation is not identical with a state, i.e. a tetic, organized, intentional
group. A state is but a security frame, within which the life of a nation develops
from its own manifold sources. Czesław Znamierowski's sociological conception of
a nation fits in the formulation prevailing in Polish sociology that a nation is
a socially solidary community, united by a common national culture. The above
approach differentiates Polish sociology from Western sociology; the latter professes
political, rather than cultural, principle of national integration.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 49, 1987, z. 3, s. 13-27