Przegląd Antropologiczny - Anthropological Review, 1999, vol. 62
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Item Urbanisation factor as a modifier of phenotypic development(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Kosińska, Magdalena; Kaliszewska-Drozdowska, Maria DanutaThe purpose of the research was to analyse the causes of the physical development differenatiation of children (boys) coming from localities characterised by different degree of urbanisation. The material was collected over a span of ten years, from 1980 to 1990. It covered anthropometric measurements and data of an inquiry. The results confirmed the influence of the urbanisation variable. Urbanisation may be treated both as a socio-economic variable and as a life style variable. Cities create conditions for better development, which may be due to the fact that they are characterised by the stability of adventageous conditions.Item Analysis of morphological differences between prehistoric populations using a non-hierarchic method of data clustering(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Sołtysiak, Arkadiusz; Jaskulski, PiotrPresented in this paper non-hierarchic method of cluster analysis allows studying of morphological variability in big populations on the basis of individual characteristic of specimens. Test taken by the authors have confirmed correct results of the proposed algorithm and showed the role of proper preparation of data, choice of appropriate distance measure and importance of the process of interpretation the results of clustering.Item Population of Nubia up to the 16th century BC(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Pudło, AleksandraThe article presents anthropological characteristics (morphological features, paleodemography and paleopathology) of the population inhabiting Nubia from the end of the Upper Paleolithic till the 16th century BC. The material basis for this work consisted of the collections of bones coming from the archeological researches carried out in Nubia.Item Correlations between selected fatness indices and total body fat estimated by means of the impedance method(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Socha, MałgorzataThe aim of the present work was the evaluation of measures of total body fat and distribution of adipose tissue, including the new conicity index, and their correlation with total body fat (in kg and %) estimated by means of the impedance method. Moreover, attention was paid to the bilateral differentiation of fat distribution. The basis for the analyses and comparisons was a group of 186 females of various age. Using cluster analysis and factor analysis for fatness measures, it was shown that the measures under study form two distinctly separate groups referring to different aspects of fatness: total body fat, and adipose tissue distribution.Item Polish anthropology on the eve of the new millennium(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Drozdowski, ZbigniewAuthor summarizes the main achievements of Polish anthropology in the 20th century, presents the main research problems of this discipline in contemporary Poland and points at the potential dangers which may be faced by Polish anthropology in the forthcoming years.Item Conception of parental investment as a useful explanation of diverse human parental behavior(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Cieplak, ElżbietaParental investment is differentiated on parental or postnatal stage (e.g., child neglecting, infanticide, or differences in financial support given to children). Differential treatment of children with reference to their sex is influenced by factors such as the sex ratio, parents' status, number of children in the family, birth order, sex of siblings and children's contribution to family resources. Numerous studies on traditional and historical societies have been conducted but there is a need for research of contemporary, industrial societies.Item Biological and social reasons of child mortality in the Danzing District in the second part of the 19th century(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Liczbińska, GrażynaThe purpose of this work is to characterise the child mortality in urban and rural areas of the Danzing (Gdańsk) District and in the city of Danzing, in the second half of the 19th century. The study material encompassed the demographic data on mortality coming from the 19th century Prussian statistical yearbooks. The basic mortality measures such as infant death rates, neonatal and postneonatal death rates and child death rates were computed for selected years of the second half of the 19th century. Life tables were constructed in accordance with Halley's method and based on the assumption the population was of stationary type. Further, the causes of child deaths and the occupational structure of the families of deceased children were discussed.Item Phylogenetic systematics perspective and problems with ancestral species - theoretical considerations(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Kaszycka, Katarzyna A.The paper summarizes the main assumptions and procedures of phylogenetic systematics (cladistics), and presents problems with identifying common ancestral species from this perspectiveItem Densitometric test in differential diagnosis of short stature children(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Łysoń-Wojciechowska, Grażyna; Romer, Tomasz; Skawiński, WaldemarThe aim of the study is to compare the dimensions and optical density of the second metacarpal bone in children with short stature caused by idiopatic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), and children with short stature, but normal level of growth hormone. The diagnostic importance of the obtained results is assessed.Item Fatness of children and adolescents from various socio-economic groups between 1978 and 1988(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Lipowicz, AnnaThe study material contains the data on boys and girls aged from 6 to 18 years located in the course of the Third and Fourth Anthropological Surveys carried out in Poland in 1977/78 and 1987/88. The questionnaire data (father's and mother's education and number of children in the family) were supplemented with the results of measurements of the triceps skinfold. It is assumed that the triceps skinfold is a good indicator of the nutritional status. In both studies fatness of children decreased along with a decreasing level of parents' education and with increasing family size. Triceps skinfold size was related mainly to the number of children in the family. In the decade from 1978 to 1988 a decline in social differences with regard to fatness of children coming from various socio-economic strata was observed.Item Is maternal smoking harmful to the physical growth of offspring at early childhood?(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Kaczmarek, Maria; Młyńska, DorotaThe effect of maternal smoking on birth weight of their babies, the effects of smoking during lactation and in the post-weaning period on growth in height and weight of children up to the age of 7 years were investigated. The sample consisted of 1511 children (778 boys and 733 girls) examined at two follow-up studies in May and December 1997. Retrospective data on birth-weight, height and weight up to the present investigation were available from the child's health record book. The results of the investigation revealed more frequent occurrence of lower birth-weight among children born to mothers smoking during pregnancy than among those born to non-smokers. Similar results were also gained for children in the pre-school period.Item Body height and mass of girls from rural communities in Krosno region as affected by political and economical changes in Poland in the period 1977-1997(Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne, 1999) Łaska-Mierzejewska, TeresaBody height and mass were determined in girls aged 10.5-18.5 years in three periods: 1977 (n = 1028), 1987 (n = 1255) and in 1997 (n = 1992). The families of those girls were classified into three categories: farmers, farmer-workers and non-farmers. The economical crisis affected predominantly the rural non-farmer population while farmers were most independent from food rationing. After the change of the system and after the state-owned and co-operative farms had been dissolved, the economical situation of the rural non-farmer population worsened further, which showed in the biological parameters of girls.