Ochrona dziedzictwa kultury w systemie prawnym Unii Europejskiej
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Date
2009
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Wydawnictwo Naukowe WNPiD UAM w Poznaniu
Title alternative
The Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Legal System of the European Union
Abstract
Wspólnoty Europejskie a później Unia przez długi czas nie poświęcały szczególniejszej uwagi zarówno ochronie europejskiego dziedzictwa kultury, jak i problematyce polityki kulturalnej, pozostawiając ten obszar mniej lub bardziej świadomie systemowi Rady Europy. Kwestie dotyczące tego obszaru zostały określone dopiero w treści art. 151 TWE. Treść art. 151 TWE ogranicza działalność Unii Europejskiej w sferze kultury jedynie do działań uzupełniających i wspomagających. Przy podejmowaniu ich koniecznym jest poszanowanie różnorodności narodowej i regionalnej i podkreślanie znaczenia wspólnego dziedzictwa kulturowego Europy. Polityka kulturalna pozostaje jednak domeną państwa członkowskich. Unia winna jedynie zachęcać te państwa do współpracy, uzupełniać ich działania w zakresie wskazanym w treści art. 151. W zakresie prawa wspólnego w obszarze kultury istnieje jedynie tzw. miękkie prawo (soft law), a akty prawa wspólnotowego w postaci rozporządzeń i dyrektyw czy decyzji dotykają tej płaszczyzny tylko wówczas, gdy obszar kultury przenika się z obszarami regulowanymi przez prawo wspólnotowe, takimi jak przepływ osób, towarów i ochrona konkurencji.
For a long time the European Community, followed by the European Union, did not pay considerable attention to the protection of European cultural heritage or to the issue of cultural policy, and they left this field, more or less consciously, to the system of the Council of Europe. The matters concerning this field were only stipulated in Art. 151 of the Treaty establishing the European Community. However, this article limits the activity of the European Union in the realm of culture to supplementary and supportive activities. When undertaking such activities, it is necessary to respect national and regional diversity and to bring the common cultural heritage of Europe to the fore. Cultural policy shall remain the domain of the Member States, though. The Union should encourage cooperation between Member States and supplement their activities as stipulated in Art. 151. The realm of culture in Community law is only regulated by so-called soft law. The Community legislative acts in the form of regulations, directives or decisions touch upon this field only when the realm of culture overlaps with the realms regulated by Community laws, such as the transfer of persons, goods, commodities and the protection of competition.
For a long time the European Community, followed by the European Union, did not pay considerable attention to the protection of European cultural heritage or to the issue of cultural policy, and they left this field, more or less consciously, to the system of the Council of Europe. The matters concerning this field were only stipulated in Art. 151 of the Treaty establishing the European Community. However, this article limits the activity of the European Union in the realm of culture to supplementary and supportive activities. When undertaking such activities, it is necessary to respect national and regional diversity and to bring the common cultural heritage of Europe to the fore. Cultural policy shall remain the domain of the Member States, though. The Union should encourage cooperation between Member States and supplement their activities as stipulated in Art. 151. The realm of culture in Community law is only regulated by so-called soft law. The Community legislative acts in the form of regulations, directives or decisions touch upon this field only when the realm of culture overlaps with the realms regulated by Community laws, such as the transfer of persons, goods, commodities and the protection of competition.
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Keywords
Unia Europejska, dziedzictwo kulturowe
Citation
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, 2009, nr 3, s. 105-123.