Calyptostoma velutinum (Müller, 1776) (Acari, Actinotrichida, Parasitengona) s. lato na tle Calyptostomatoidea świata
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2013-02-12
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Calyptostoma velutinum (Müller, 1776) (Acari, Actinotrichida, Parasitengona) s. lato against the Calyptostomatoidea of the world
Abstract
Calyptostomatidae to roztocze kosmopolityczne, związane z siedliskami podmokłymi. Aktywne stadia postlarwalne są drapieżnikami, homeomorficzne larwy to ektopasożyty Tipulidae i Limoniidae. W faunie światowej opisano łącznie 19 gatunków nominalnych, z czego 6 zsynonimizowano. Calyptostoma velutinum uznana została za jedyny gatunek występujący w Europie, jednak różnice obserwowane u osobników pochodzących z zachodniej Palearktyki wskazywać mogą na występowanie gatunków kryptycznych w obrębie C. velutinum s. l. Praca zawiera szczegółowe studium morfologii i biologii C. velutinum s. l., które w połączeniu z analizą molekularną zmierza do weryfikacji hipotezy o istnieniu kompleksu C. velutinum oraz, w oparciu o re-ewaluację cech diagnostycznych - do przedstawienia krytycznego przeglądu gatunków zaliczonych do rodzaju. Materiał obejmujący 1336 okazów poddano kompleksowej analizie z wykorzystaniem mikroskopii świetlnej i skaningowej, obserwacji cyklu życiowego, badaniem sekwencji markerów COI i 28S rDNA oraz zastosowaniem metod analizy statystycznej. Analiza morfologicznych cech jakościowych dała podstawy do wyodrębnienia 3. grup, w efekcie analizy statystycznej cech metrycznych zarysowany był podział na 2 grupy, podczas gdy badania molekularne wykazały 6 taksonów kryptycznych. Tożsamość nowego dla wiedzy i dla krainy neotropikalnej gatunku, potwierdzona została w efekcie analiz morfologicznych i molekularnych. Krytyczna lista przedstawicieli Calyptostoma, poza wydzielonymi gatunkami kryptycznymi, obejmuje 14 gatunków, w tym 8 zaliczonych do species inquirendae. Z Palearktyki znane są 4 gatunki, z Orientu 3, po 2 z Nearktyki, Afrotropiku i krainy australijskiej, z Neotropiku - 1 gatunek.
Calyptostomatidae are cosmopolitan mites, associated with humid habitats. Active postlarval forms are predatory, homeomorphic larvae display a parasitic lifestyle, with the host spectrum restricted to Tipulidae and Limoniidae. Nineteen nominal species have been described hitherto worldwide, of which 6 have been synonymized. Recognition of Calyptostoma velutinum as the only species occurring in Europe raised doubts due to the differences in biology and morphology of specimens originating from the western Palaearctic. The present work contains a detailed study of morphology and biology of C. velutinum s. l., which along with the molecular analysis, aims at verifying a hypothesis of existence of a species complex and, based on the re-evaluation of diagnostic characters, at providing a critical review of taxa presently assigned to the genus. The material comprising 1336 specimens of C. velutinum s. l., was comprehensively analyzed by means of light and scanning microscopy, life cycle testing, COI and 28S rDNA markers sequences analysis as well as statistical analysis. The analysis of qualitative morphological data pointed to the presence of 3 groups; the division into 2 groups was outlined as a result of statistical analysis, whereas the molecular analysis revealed the presence of 6 cryptic taxa. The identity of species new to the science and new for the Neotropical region was confirmed both by morphological and molecular data. A critical list of representatives of Calyptostoma, excluding cryptic taxa, contains 14 species, of which 8 are regarded as species inquirendae. Four species are known from the Palearctic, 3 from the Oriental region, 2 from the Nearctic, Afrotropical and Australian regions, respectively and 1 - from the Neotropical region.
Calyptostomatidae are cosmopolitan mites, associated with humid habitats. Active postlarval forms are predatory, homeomorphic larvae display a parasitic lifestyle, with the host spectrum restricted to Tipulidae and Limoniidae. Nineteen nominal species have been described hitherto worldwide, of which 6 have been synonymized. Recognition of Calyptostoma velutinum as the only species occurring in Europe raised doubts due to the differences in biology and morphology of specimens originating from the western Palaearctic. The present work contains a detailed study of morphology and biology of C. velutinum s. l., which along with the molecular analysis, aims at verifying a hypothesis of existence of a species complex and, based on the re-evaluation of diagnostic characters, at providing a critical review of taxa presently assigned to the genus. The material comprising 1336 specimens of C. velutinum s. l., was comprehensively analyzed by means of light and scanning microscopy, life cycle testing, COI and 28S rDNA markers sequences analysis as well as statistical analysis. The analysis of qualitative morphological data pointed to the presence of 3 groups; the division into 2 groups was outlined as a result of statistical analysis, whereas the molecular analysis revealed the presence of 6 cryptic taxa. The identity of species new to the science and new for the Neotropical region was confirmed both by morphological and molecular data. A critical list of representatives of Calyptostoma, excluding cryptic taxa, contains 14 species, of which 8 are regarded as species inquirendae. Four species are known from the Palearctic, 3 from the Oriental region, 2 from the Nearctic, Afrotropical and Australian regions, respectively and 1 - from the Neotropical region.
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Wydział Biologii i Hodowli Zwierząt Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu
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Keywords
calyptostoma spp., morfologia, morphology, cykl życiowy, life cycle, analiza molekularna, molecular analysis, gatunki kryptyczne, cryptic species