Demokracja a religia w świetle klasycznych teorii umowy społecznej
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Date
2009
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Wydawnictwo Naukowe WNPiD UAM w Poznaniu
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Democracy and Religion as Seen by the Classic Theories of social contract
Abstract
In the author’s opinion we can agree that the theories of contractualism provide an
excellent foundation for the legitimization of democracy. At the same time, he claims
that democracy, and liberal democracy in particular, cannot be said to be the necessary
outcome of social contract. Hobbes was the advocate of absolute monarchy, although
his theory permiabsolute aristocracy as well as absolute democracy. Locke, a supporter
of a limed monarchy, emphasized the principles of people’s sovereignty. Rousseau, an
apologist for thel will, tended to support such the solon that it is not the people’s will
but the wisest ones’ whichrulthe sciety as long as they have the people’s benefit in
mind. Glorifying hisgeneral will, Roussau has become the founder of modern political
totalitarianism. When discussing the relations between state and religion/church the
above three classic speculators on the theory of social contract assumed the individual
freedom of religious beliefs. Ultimately, it is the state though that regulates the external
manifestations of faith, as it is the only political entity to arbitrate conflicts between individual interests, and express the pubgood, whatever that means.
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Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, 2009, nr 3, s. 201-234.
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1731-7517