Różnorodność taksonomiczna oraz toksyczność pikoplanktonowych cyjanobakterii w Jeziorze Strzeszyńskim
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2015-10-05
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Taxonomic diversity and toxicity of picoplanktonic cyanobacteria in Strzeszyńskie Lake
Abstract
Celem rozprawy było poznanie różnorodności taksonomicznej oraz toksyczności pikoplanktonowych cyjanobakterii (PCy) w Jeziorze Strzeszyńskim na tle warunków środowiskowych o charakterze „bottom-up” i „top-down”.
Próbki pobierano w latach 2010-2012 od kwietnia do października z 8 głębokości, co dwa metry w profilu pionowym Jeziora Strzeszyńskiego. Przy omawianiu wyników stosowano opracowany w trakcie badań podział PCy na 14 kategorii form morfologicznych, uwzględniających a) stadium rozwojowe w przypadku komórek pojedynczych oraz b) układ i kształt komórek tworzących kolonie.
W badaniach stwierdzono 20 taksonów należących do 8 rodzajów Cyanobacteria. Maksima ich liczebności obserwowano dwa razy w roku, na głębokościach 4 i 6 m. Wskaźnik bioróżnorodności H' wahał się w przedziale 0,0-2,62. Jego najniższe wartości obserwowano wiosną, natomiast najwyższe latem. W profilu pionowym, największą bioróżnorodność stwierdzono na głębokości 8 m. Udział kolonii w ogólnej liczebności PCy zwiększał się wraz z głębokością. Z badanych czynników środowiskowych na liczebność PCy najistotniej wpływały: PAR, temperatura wody, stężenie N-NH4 i TRP oraz stosunek N:P. Stwierdzono również, że skorupiaki planktonowe miały wpływ na wzrost udziału kolonii w ogólnej liczebności PCy.
W wodzie Jeziora Strzeszyńskiego wykazano obecność 3 analogów mikrocystyny (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR) oraz 7 potencjalnie toksycznych taksonów PCy, których niektóre szczepy mają zdolność syntezy mikrocystyn, BMAA i tionsulfolipidów. Wszystkie stwierdzone w jeziorze PCy mają właściwości dermatotoksyczne.
Picoplankton is the smallest size fraction of plankton. Organisms of picoplanktonic cell size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm. This group contains the eukaryotes Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Picobiliphytes, as well as prokaryotic Cyanobacteria and bacteria that are common in surface water. The aim of this thesis was to identify the taxonomic diversity and toxicity of picoplanktonic cyanobacteria (PCy) in Strzeszyńskie Lake (Poznań, Poland) against environmental conditions of a "bottom-up" and "top-down" controls. Samples were collected in 2010-2012 from April to October, from 8 depths, every two meters in the vertical profile of the lake. To discuss the results were used division PCy, prepared during the research. The division had 14 categories of morphological forms, taking into account a) the stage of cell division in the case of individual cells and b) the layout and shape of colony-forming cells. During these studies, 20 taxa belonging to 8 types of Cyanobacteria were identified. The maximum number of Pcy was observed twice a year, at the depths of 4 and 6 m. The Shannon-Wiener index ranged from 0.0-2.62. The lowest values of the index were observed in spring, while the highest were recorded in summer. In the vertical profile, the highest biodiversity was found at the depth of 8 m. The percentage of the PCy colony increased with depth. Among the examined environmental factors, those that significantly affect the number of PCy included PAR, water temperature, concentrations of N-NH4 and TRP, and the ratio of N:P. It was also found that the most significant influence on the increase in the percentage of PCy colonies was the presence of planktonic crustaceans. In the water of Strzeszyńskie Lake were present 3 analogues of microcystin (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR) and 7 potentially toxic taxa, among which some strains are able to synthesise the microcystins BMAA and thionsulfolipid.
Picoplankton is the smallest size fraction of plankton. Organisms of picoplanktonic cell size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm. This group contains the eukaryotes Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Picobiliphytes, as well as prokaryotic Cyanobacteria and bacteria that are common in surface water. The aim of this thesis was to identify the taxonomic diversity and toxicity of picoplanktonic cyanobacteria (PCy) in Strzeszyńskie Lake (Poznań, Poland) against environmental conditions of a "bottom-up" and "top-down" controls. Samples were collected in 2010-2012 from April to October, from 8 depths, every two meters in the vertical profile of the lake. To discuss the results were used division PCy, prepared during the research. The division had 14 categories of morphological forms, taking into account a) the stage of cell division in the case of individual cells and b) the layout and shape of colony-forming cells. During these studies, 20 taxa belonging to 8 types of Cyanobacteria were identified. The maximum number of Pcy was observed twice a year, at the depths of 4 and 6 m. The Shannon-Wiener index ranged from 0.0-2.62. The lowest values of the index were observed in spring, while the highest were recorded in summer. In the vertical profile, the highest biodiversity was found at the depth of 8 m. The percentage of the PCy colony increased with depth. Among the examined environmental factors, those that significantly affect the number of PCy included PAR, water temperature, concentrations of N-NH4 and TRP, and the ratio of N:P. It was also found that the most significant influence on the increase in the percentage of PCy colonies was the presence of planktonic crustaceans. In the water of Strzeszyńskie Lake were present 3 analogues of microcystin (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR) and 7 potentially toxic taxa, among which some strains are able to synthesise the microcystins BMAA and thionsulfolipid.
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Wydział Biologii: Instytut Biologii Środowiska
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Keywords
pikocyjanobakterie, Picocyanobacteria, toksyczność, toxicity, bioróżnorodność, biodiversity, pikoplankton, picoplankton, sinice, cyanobacteria