Architektura gotycka na Ostrowie Tumskim w Poznaniu. Studium architektoniczno-archeologiczne
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Date
2019
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Gothic architecture on Ostrów Tumski in Poznań. Architectural and archeological study
Abstract
Celem pracy jest ukazanie architektury gotyckiej na Ostrowie Tumskim w Poznaniu oraz przekształceń i zagospodarowania terenu wokół budynków w oparciu o badania archeologiczne prowadzone w latach 1938-2017. Praca składa się z dwóch części – opisowej, która jest analizą i interpretacją materiału źródłowego oraz części drugiej – katalogu, który jest bazą źródłową. W części tekstowej omówiono zachowane budynki i rozpoznane relikty z podziałem na obiekty sakralne i towarzyszące im cmentarze, budynki mieszkalne, architekturę obronną, pozostałe budynki kościelne (np. szkołę) oraz tzw. małą architekturę (np. drogi, mosty, ogrodzenia). Uzupełniającym zagadnieniem jest detal architektoniczny, a w szczególności ceramika budowlana i możliwości, jakie daje analiza stylistyczna oraz materiały porównawcze, które pozwalają dla części źródeł wskazać warsztaty budowlane. Przyjęty zakres chronologiczny dla rozważań zawiera się między poł. XIII w., kiedy nastąpiła translokacja Poznania na lewy brzeg rzeki Warty, a 2 dekadą XVI w. (śmierć biskupa Jana Lubrańskiego). Postawiono pytanie jak architektura i jej najbliższy kontekst zmieniały się po przekazaniu terenu biskupstwu poznańskiemu. Odniesieniem do badań jest starsza zabudowa grodowa i równoległa zabudowa miasta lokacyjnego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy ustalono kryterium wyboru miejsca pod zabudowę (tradycja, bezpieczeństwo, prestiż), określono przemiany dotyczące stosowanych technik budowlanych i użytych materiałów, warunki zabudowy mieszkalnej, stylistykę i estetykę architektury i jej elementów, co w określonych przypadkach przełożyło się na wskazanie warsztatu budowlanego.
The aim of the work is to present the Gothic architecture as well as transformations and the use of the land around buildings on Ostrów Tumski in Poznań on the basis of archaeological research carried out in the years 1938-2017. The study consists of two parts – descriptive, which includes the analysis and interpretation of the source material, and part two – a catalogue, which is the source database. The descriptive part discusses the preserved buildings and recognised relics according to the division into sacral objects and accompanying cemeteries, residential buildings, defensive architecture, remaining church buildings (e.g. school), and so-called small architecture (e.g. roads, bridges, fences). A complementary issue is the architectural detail, particularly building ceramics as well as the possibilities offered by stylistic analyses and comparative material, which allow for linking some of the sources with building workshops. The chronological scope of these considerations covers the period between the mid-13th century, when Poznań had been moved to the left bank of the Warta river, and the second decade of the 16th century (the death of Bishop Jan Lubrański). The question has been addressed of how the architecture and its closest context were changing after the area was handed over to the Poznań bishopric. The reference for the research is the older stronghold buildings and the parallel urban development of the charter town. The conducted analysis made it possible to define the criterion of selecting the place for building, characterise residential buildings, and describe the style and aesthetics of architecture and its elements which in certain cases translated into indicating specific building workshops.
The aim of the work is to present the Gothic architecture as well as transformations and the use of the land around buildings on Ostrów Tumski in Poznań on the basis of archaeological research carried out in the years 1938-2017. The study consists of two parts – descriptive, which includes the analysis and interpretation of the source material, and part two – a catalogue, which is the source database. The descriptive part discusses the preserved buildings and recognised relics according to the division into sacral objects and accompanying cemeteries, residential buildings, defensive architecture, remaining church buildings (e.g. school), and so-called small architecture (e.g. roads, bridges, fences). A complementary issue is the architectural detail, particularly building ceramics as well as the possibilities offered by stylistic analyses and comparative material, which allow for linking some of the sources with building workshops. The chronological scope of these considerations covers the period between the mid-13th century, when Poznań had been moved to the left bank of the Warta river, and the second decade of the 16th century (the death of Bishop Jan Lubrański). The question has been addressed of how the architecture and its closest context were changing after the area was handed over to the Poznań bishopric. The reference for the research is the older stronghold buildings and the parallel urban development of the charter town. The conducted analysis made it possible to define the criterion of selecting the place for building, characterise residential buildings, and describe the style and aesthetics of architecture and its elements which in certain cases translated into indicating specific building workshops.
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Wydział Archeologii
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Keywords
architektura gotycka, Poznań, zabudowa, przekształcenia terenu, badania archeologiczne, gothic architecture, building, terrain transformation, archeological research