Pytając o człowieka. W poszukiwaniu antropologii egzystencjalnej
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Date
2019
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The Question of Man. Creating Existential Anthropology
Abstract
Przedmiotem rozprawy jest zagadnienie swoistości ludzkiej egzystencji. Celem dysertacji jest próba wyeksponowania egzystencjalnego pytania o człowieka. Zamierzeniem naszym jest więc – po pierwsze – uporządkowanie dotychczasowych badań nad egzystencjalizmem, dyskusja z niektórymi, obiegowymi na jego temat twierdzeniami. Po wtóre – przywrócenie filozofii egzystencji należnego jej miejsca we współczesnym dyskursie filozoficznym. Po trzecie wreszcie – dążenie do ukazania specyfiki jednostkowego doświadczenia egzystencjalnego (samotności, wolności i śmierci, a także doświadczenia religijnego i dialogicznego), dla którego problematyka sensu ludzkiego istnienia wydaje się mieć pierwszorzędne znaczenie. Teza rozprawy zasadza się na przekonaniu, że ludzka egzystencja ma charakter dialektyczny. Oznacza to, że nieustannie oscyluje ona między dwoma biegunami (rzeczywistościami), które za Karlem Jaspersem nazwać możemy egzystencją (tym, co w człowieku skończone) i transcendencją (tym, ku czemu człowiek wykracza, pragnąc nieskończoności). Możemy nawet powiedzieć, że ów dialektyczny splot egzystencji i transcendencji stanowi o konstytucji specyficznie ludzkiego sposobu bycia-w-świecie. Mówiąc najogólniej: w pracy argumentujemy na rzecz tezy, że egzystencja i transcendencja stanowią awers i rewers jednego i tego samego fenomenu, jakim jest indywidualne ludzkie istnienie.
The dissertation aims to discuss the issue of specificity of human existence. Its goal is to expose the existential question of man. Thus, the project must focus on several points. Firstly, it reorganizes the already acknowledged takes on existentialism and discusses some of their popular claims. Secondly, the paper is intended to restore philosophy of existence to the contemporary philosophical discourse. Thirdly, the dissertation aims for depicting the specificity of individual existential experience (e.g., of loneliness, freedom and death, and of religious and dialogical experience as well), for which the problematics of sense of human being seem to be fundamental. The main thesis of the dissertation is based on an assumption that human existence is dialectic. This means that it incessantly revolves around two poles (two apparently separate realities) which – according to Karl Jaspers – can be called existence (the limitations of being) and transcendence (the will of infinity). This dialectic junction of existence and transcendence can be understood as a constitution for the very specific, human way of being-in-the-world. Thus, transcendence seems to be included in existence, to be its ineffaceable predicate (the characteristic feature of existence is its self-transcendence). In other words: transcendence is an undefinable part of existence, which existence is continuously referring to, identifying it as its own immanent element. Most generally: the paper aims to argue that existence and transcendence are heads and tails of the same phenomenon – of the individual human being.
The dissertation aims to discuss the issue of specificity of human existence. Its goal is to expose the existential question of man. Thus, the project must focus on several points. Firstly, it reorganizes the already acknowledged takes on existentialism and discusses some of their popular claims. Secondly, the paper is intended to restore philosophy of existence to the contemporary philosophical discourse. Thirdly, the dissertation aims for depicting the specificity of individual existential experience (e.g., of loneliness, freedom and death, and of religious and dialogical experience as well), for which the problematics of sense of human being seem to be fundamental. The main thesis of the dissertation is based on an assumption that human existence is dialectic. This means that it incessantly revolves around two poles (two apparently separate realities) which – according to Karl Jaspers – can be called existence (the limitations of being) and transcendence (the will of infinity). This dialectic junction of existence and transcendence can be understood as a constitution for the very specific, human way of being-in-the-world. Thus, transcendence seems to be included in existence, to be its ineffaceable predicate (the characteristic feature of existence is its self-transcendence). In other words: transcendence is an undefinable part of existence, which existence is continuously referring to, identifying it as its own immanent element. Most generally: the paper aims to argue that existence and transcendence are heads and tails of the same phenomenon – of the individual human being.
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Wydział Filozoficzny
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Keywords
człowiek, human being, egzystencja, existence, doświadczenie egzystencjalne, existential experience, filozofia egzystencji, philosophy of existence