Osadnictwo z epoki żelaza i okresu hellenistycznego w Çatalhöyük w kontekście regionalnym Środkowej Anatolii
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Date
2020
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The Iron Age and Hellenistic settlements at Çatalhöyük in the regional context of Central Anatolia
Abstract
Çatalhöyük jest doskonale znanym stanowiskiem neolitycznym. W trakcie intensywnie zakrojonych badań prowadzonych przez ponad 25 lat odnalezionych zostało tam wiele pozostałości po osadnictwie późniejszym niż neolityczne. Problematyka późnego osadnictwa nigdy nie doczekała się pogłębionej analizy i kompleksowego opracowania. Przedmiotem mojej dysertacji jest osadnictwo z epoki żelaza i okresu hellenistycznego w Çatalhöyük w kontekście regionalnym środkowej Anatolii. Pierwszym celem pracy jest przeprowadzenie szczegółowej analizy nawarstwień po-chalkolitycznych, które zostały odkryte na stanowisku. Drugim celem jest kompleksowa analiza rozpoznanych przemian osadniczych w kontekście regionalnym. Najważniejszym elementem pracy jest rozdział poświęcony interpretacji nawarstwień post-chalkolitycznych odnalezionych na stanowisku. Przedstawiam w nim rozwój osadnictwa w kolejnych okresach I tys. p.n.e. W rozdziale tym zebrane zostały wszystkie zaprezentowane wcześniej informacje dotyczące obiektów osadniczych i ich stratygrafii. Rozpoznane zmiany w czasie zostały odniesione do przemian jakie zachodziły w tym okresie na obszarze środkowej Anatolii. Moja dysertacja stanowi ważny wkład do dyskusji na osadnictwem w epoce żelaza i okresie hellenistycznym w Anatolii. Prezentowane wyniki dotyczą bowiem nie dużych miast i doskonale przebadanych stanowisk, ale stanowiska o charakterze wiejskim. Jak pokazują jednak wyniki mojej pracy, osady w Çatalhöyük mogą być w bezpośredni sposób łączone z wydarzeniami historycznymi. Ponadto w pewnym zakresie pozwalają na uszczegółowienie i reinterpretację dotychczasowego stanu wiedzy. Stanowią również ważny przyczynek do dalszych prac nad zagadnieniem osadnictwa w okresach epoki żelaza i hellenistycznym w środkowej Anatolii, które są rozpoznawane na mniejszych stanowiskach.
Çatalhöyük is a well-known Neolithic settlement. However, during excavations of the site carried out over the past more than 25 years, a number of occupational features and cultural strata later than the Neolithic were unearthed. However, the character of the site occupation in the post Chalcolithic period has not received much attention to date. The main objective my PhD dissertation in a comprehensive analysis of the Iron Age and Hellenistic settlement at Çatalhöyük in the regional context of Central Anatolia. Its first aim comprises a systematic analysis of the all post-Chalcolithic strata, which have been revealed at the site. The second objective comprises putting up the recognized processes in the firm regional context. In conclusions I provide a comprehensive interpretation of the post-Chalcolithic strata found at the site. It contains a systematic analysis and interpretation of the Iron Age and Hellenistic settlements in subsequent phases of their occupation. In this chapter, I explicitly refer to the previously presented analysis of all the features and stratigraphy of the occupational sequence. Moreover, this analysis is put up in the context of developments taking place in the studied period in Central Anatolia. My dissertation is an important contribution to the ongoing debate on the Iron Age and Hellenistic settlement in Anatolia. The achieved results do not refer to large cities and well-investigated regional centers but to rural settlements. Moreover, they firmly placed both settlements at Çatalhöyük as an element of historical processes revealed in written sources. More importantly, however, my work made it possible to significantly enhance the existing knowledge of the history of Anatolia in the first millennium BC. As such, my dissertation is a good starting point for the future work on the mutliscalar occupation of Central Anatolia in the Iron Age and Hellenistic period.
Çatalhöyük is a well-known Neolithic settlement. However, during excavations of the site carried out over the past more than 25 years, a number of occupational features and cultural strata later than the Neolithic were unearthed. However, the character of the site occupation in the post Chalcolithic period has not received much attention to date. The main objective my PhD dissertation in a comprehensive analysis of the Iron Age and Hellenistic settlement at Çatalhöyük in the regional context of Central Anatolia. Its first aim comprises a systematic analysis of the all post-Chalcolithic strata, which have been revealed at the site. The second objective comprises putting up the recognized processes in the firm regional context. In conclusions I provide a comprehensive interpretation of the post-Chalcolithic strata found at the site. It contains a systematic analysis and interpretation of the Iron Age and Hellenistic settlements in subsequent phases of their occupation. In this chapter, I explicitly refer to the previously presented analysis of all the features and stratigraphy of the occupational sequence. Moreover, this analysis is put up in the context of developments taking place in the studied period in Central Anatolia. My dissertation is an important contribution to the ongoing debate on the Iron Age and Hellenistic settlement in Anatolia. The achieved results do not refer to large cities and well-investigated regional centers but to rural settlements. Moreover, they firmly placed both settlements at Çatalhöyük as an element of historical processes revealed in written sources. More importantly, however, my work made it possible to significantly enhance the existing knowledge of the history of Anatolia in the first millennium BC. As such, my dissertation is a good starting point for the future work on the mutliscalar occupation of Central Anatolia in the Iron Age and Hellenistic period.
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Wydział Archeologii
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Keywords
Epoka żelaza, okres hellenistyczny, środkowa Anatolia, osadnictwo, Çatalhöyük Iron Age, Hellenistic Period, Central Anatolia, settlement, Çatalhöyük