Wojna z terroryzmem za pomocą dronów
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Date
2017
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Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Title alternative
War Against Terrorism and the Use of Drones
Abstract
Coraz powszechniejsze wykorzystywanie w operacjach bojowych bezzałogowych statków
powietrznych, nazywanych potocznie dronami wzbudza wiele kontrowersji. Paradoksem jest
fakt, że mniejsze kontrowersje międzynarodowe wywołuje zjawisko stosunkowo szybkiego upowszechniania się UAV-ów w siłach zbrojnych wielu państw, jak również coraz powszechniejsze
ich wykorzystywanie przez różne firmy prywatne, w tej liczbie także prywatne formy wojskowe
(PMC). Jednak największe spory dotyczą posługiwania się przez Stany Zjednoczone dronami
w walce z terroryzmem. Spory te koncentrują się szczególnie wokół dopuszczalności takich operacji bojowych poza obszarem konfliktów zbrojnych i ich statusu prawnego oraz ich efektywności
militarnej w porównaniu do uzyskanych rezultatów, w tym także tzw. efektów ubocznych, czyli
liczby zabitych cywilów – którzy nie byli celem danej operacji antyterrorystycznej, określonej
mianem „selektywnego zabójstwa” (ang. targeted killing). Artykuł omawia rozwój i możliwości
techniczne różnych rodzajów wojskowych dronów, ich wykorzystywanie w operacjach antyterrorystycznych oraz ryzyko związane z szybką proliferacją tej nowej broni.
In recent times there has been a widespread use of the military and other drones (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in many fields, both in the military and civilian life. They are frequently used both by the armed forces of many states as well as by the private companies, including the Private Military Companies (PMC). The most controversial issue connected with the use of drones is their deployment in the counterterrorist operations, especially in the so called “targeted killings”. Since September 7, in 2000, when a U.S. Predator drone flew over Afghanistan for the first time the drone programme has grown into perhaps the most prominent instrument of U.S. counterterrorism policy. The United States has used drones to support ground troops in Iraq and Afganistan and – particularly under President Barack Obama – to conduct the targeted killings of the leaders of Al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups. Those, last operations stir the public opinion and are the source of many controversies. This article describes the development and technical features (possibilities) of the armed-drones (military drones) and their efficiency in the counterterrorist operations. In the final section of this paper the risk connected with the proliferation of military drones was discussed and assessed.
In recent times there has been a widespread use of the military and other drones (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in many fields, both in the military and civilian life. They are frequently used both by the armed forces of many states as well as by the private companies, including the Private Military Companies (PMC). The most controversial issue connected with the use of drones is their deployment in the counterterrorist operations, especially in the so called “targeted killings”. Since September 7, in 2000, when a U.S. Predator drone flew over Afghanistan for the first time the drone programme has grown into perhaps the most prominent instrument of U.S. counterterrorism policy. The United States has used drones to support ground troops in Iraq and Afganistan and – particularly under President Barack Obama – to conduct the targeted killings of the leaders of Al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups. Those, last operations stir the public opinion and are the source of many controversies. This article describes the development and technical features (possibilities) of the armed-drones (military drones) and their efficiency in the counterterrorist operations. In the final section of this paper the risk connected with the proliferation of military drones was discussed and assessed.
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Keywords
wojskowe drony (UAV), listy śmierci, strategia walki z terroryzmem, selektywne zabójstwa, proliferacja dronów, military drones, death lists, counterterrorist strategies, targeted killings, proliferation of drones
Citation
Przegląd Strategiczny, 2017, nr 10, s. 549-564.
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ISBN
ISSN
2084-6991