Kolektywizm a indywidualizm. Metodologia pomiaru w badaniach ekonomicznych
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Date
2016
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Mage.pl
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Abstract
Celem artykułu jest analiza sposobów mierzenia jednego z wymiarów kultury wyróżnionych przez Geerta Hofstede, tj. indywidualizmu/kolektywizmu. Po pierwsze, dokonano przeglądu definicji rozważanych pojęć. Po drugie, rozważano popularne miary analizowanego wymiary kultury, wskazując ich zalety i wady. Po trzecie, omówiono zależności pomiędzy nasileniem kolektywizmu lub indywidualizmu w społeczeństwie a zmiennymi makroekonomicznymi. Na podstawie prowadzonych rozważań stwierdzono, że ze względu na istniejącą w literaturze przedmiotu krytykę miar nasilenia kolektywizmu/indywidualizmu opartych na badaniach ankietowych najlepszym sposobem analizy zorientowania społeczeństwa na wspólnoty lub indywiduum jest analiza wybranych zmiennych makroekonomicznych skorelowanych z rozważanym wymiarem kultury.
In this paper, I analyze different approaches to measuring one of the dimensions of culture discovered by Geert Hofstede, i.e. individualism/collectivism. First, I reviewed present in the psychological and sociological literature definitions of collectivism and individualism. Second, I considered the most popular measures of collectivism and individualism based on questionnaires. Third, I indicated the correlations between individualist/collectivist orientation of culture and features of economy and argued that the degree to which a society is individualist/collectivist can be measured by a number of macroeconomic variables. Finally, I conclude that this way of defining whether a considered society is collectivist/individualist should be preferred due to two main advantages. Namely, the measures based on questionnaires are criticised in the literature because of certain drawbacks and the use of macroeconomic variables makes extending a sample in cross-country research possible.
In this paper, I analyze different approaches to measuring one of the dimensions of culture discovered by Geert Hofstede, i.e. individualism/collectivism. First, I reviewed present in the psychological and sociological literature definitions of collectivism and individualism. Second, I considered the most popular measures of collectivism and individualism based on questionnaires. Third, I indicated the correlations between individualist/collectivist orientation of culture and features of economy and argued that the degree to which a society is individualist/collectivist can be measured by a number of macroeconomic variables. Finally, I conclude that this way of defining whether a considered society is collectivist/individualist should be preferred due to two main advantages. Namely, the measures based on questionnaires are criticised in the literature because of certain drawbacks and the use of macroeconomic variables makes extending a sample in cross-country research possible.
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Keywords
metodologia, kolektywizm, indywidualizm, kulturowe uwarunkowania biznesu, Hofstede
Citation
Kwartalnik Prawo-Społeczeństwo-Ekonomia, 2016, nr 2, s. 64-77