NATURALIZM-ANTYNATURALIZM JAKO SPÓR O CHARAKTERZE METODOLOGICZNYM
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Date
2003
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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NATURALISM VS. ANTINATURALISM AS A METHODOLOGICAL DISPUTE. HISTORICAL REVIEW
Abstract
The dispute between naturalists and antinaturalists dates back to the 19th c., when the
first considerations regarding science were made. At that time it was agreed that sciences were
primarily focused upon determining law and principles and the question arose whether also
humanities share the same goal. The positive answer to this question was given by philosophers
related to sciences, such as materialists and positivists.
In methodology one can distinguish two levels of the dispute between naturalists and antinaturalists.
The dispute can be related to either the methods applied or the subject matter
of the study.
The dispute over the methodology of sciences and humanities as well as their nature was
begun at the end of the 19th c. by the German philosopher W. Dilthey. He hypothesised that
humanities are independent, though different from sciences. In his research he postulated the
application of alternative procedures of explanation and comprehension for historical and pure
sciences. Antinaturalists vehemently questioned the methodological postulate of universality
of all studies, in particular the statement that empirical knowledge is the only legitimate
type of knowledge about the world and that the methods of sciences are the only
recommendable ones. This was in clear opposition to the naturalist view of studies, as expressed
in A. Comte’s words: “...to know in order to predict, to predict in order to act.”
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Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 65, 2003, z. 1, s. 5-12
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0035-9629