Typologia sygnetów drukarskich (na przykładzie znaków stosowanych przez polskich impresorów od XV do połowy XVII wieku)
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Date
2009
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Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Poznaniu
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The typology of printers’ marks (with the example of printers’ logotypes used by Polish printers from the 15th to the first half of the 17 century)
Abstract
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie typologii sygnetów drukarskich stosowanych przez impresorów działających na ziemiach polskich od XV do połowy XVII stulecia, a zatem od momentu, gdy ów element wytłoczony został w polskim druku po raz pierwszy, do chwili, gdy polska typografia (a wraz z nią i sygnet) przeżywać zaczęły wyraźny kryzys. Wydzielony tymi ramami chronologicznymi zbiór liczy ponad 100 znaków impresorskich, a zatem na tyle dużo, by potrzebne, a wręcz konieczne, było jego uporządkowanie. Metodą, która pozwala uczynić to możliwie najprzejrzyściej, jest wyodrębnienie w ramach przedmiotu badań poszczególnych typów, co odbywa się na podstawie odpowiednio dobranych kryteriów. Odpowiednio, czyli tak, by uwzględniały każdy aspekt badanej materii i pozwalały na ukazanie jej w sposób jak najpełniejszy. W przypadku sygnetów drukarskich kryteria te muszą mieć nade wszystko na względzie fakt, że godła impresorskie są nie tylko elementami typograficznymi, ale i graficznymi, co powoduje, że rozpatrywać je należy w świetle zarówno typografii (czy szerzej bibliologii), jak i sztuki graficznej. Wziąwszy to pod uwagę, bogaty i wielce zróżnicowany zespół, jaki tworzą polskie sygnety używane od XV do połowy XVII wieku, uporządkować można na podstawie trzech kryteriów: chronologicznego, ikonograficznego i związanego z morfologią książki.
This article provides the reader with an overview of the printer marks used by printing offices and printing houses in the Polish and Lithuanian Commonwealth from the fifteenth century to the first half of the seventeenth century, i.e. from the time when the colophon, including the printer’s logotype, appeared in a Polish publication for the first time to the times when Polish typography was beset by a particularly pronounced crisis. The adopted chronological timeframe for the purpose of the article includes thus more than a hundred printers’ marks, a large enough number to be attended with the appropriate clarification and classification. A method that allows us to proceed with the task in a most clear way is to isolate individual types, which can be done in relation to particular adopted appropriate criteria. Appropriately, meaning in such a way so that they include each and every aspect of the matter under investigation and make it possible to present it in a most extensive way. In the case of printer marks, these criteria must primarily take into consideration the fact that the latter are not only typografic elements but graphical ones as well, which necessitates an approach in which they should be studied both in view of typography, or, more broadly of the study of the book, and also that of the graphical art. Taking it all into account, the rich and widely diversified group of Polish printer’s marks used from the fifteenth century to the first half of the seventeenth century can be classified according to the three following criteria: chronological, iconographical and those related to the morphology of the book.
This article provides the reader with an overview of the printer marks used by printing offices and printing houses in the Polish and Lithuanian Commonwealth from the fifteenth century to the first half of the seventeenth century, i.e. from the time when the colophon, including the printer’s logotype, appeared in a Polish publication for the first time to the times when Polish typography was beset by a particularly pronounced crisis. The adopted chronological timeframe for the purpose of the article includes thus more than a hundred printers’ marks, a large enough number to be attended with the appropriate clarification and classification. A method that allows us to proceed with the task in a most clear way is to isolate individual types, which can be done in relation to particular adopted appropriate criteria. Appropriately, meaning in such a way so that they include each and every aspect of the matter under investigation and make it possible to present it in a most extensive way. In the case of printer marks, these criteria must primarily take into consideration the fact that the latter are not only typografic elements but graphical ones as well, which necessitates an approach in which they should be studied both in view of typography, or, more broadly of the study of the book, and also that of the graphical art. Taking it all into account, the rich and widely diversified group of Polish printer’s marks used from the fifteenth century to the first half of the seventeenth century can be classified according to the three following criteria: chronological, iconographical and those related to the morphology of the book.
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Keywords
Sygnet drukarski, Printer’s mark, Typologia, Typology, Polska typografia od XV do połowy XVII wieku, Polish typography (15-17c.)
Citation
Biblioteka nr 13 (22), 2009, s. 7-18