Browsing by Author "Kacperska, Magdalena"
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Item Czy system edukacji w Polsce odpowiada na potrzeby współczesnego rynku pracy?(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2014) Kacperska, MagdalenaRynek pracy w Polsce przez ostatnie dwie dekady uległ niesamowitemu przeobrażeniu. W dużo większej mierze niż kiedyś, potrzebne są dzisiaj kadry dobrze wykształconych i przygotowanych praktycznie inżynierów, czy magistrów, jednak nie należy zapominać o sporej części gospodarki, która wciąż potrzebuje, a w niektórych sektorach nawet zwiększa zapotrzebowanie na zawody „klasyczne”, techniczne, do których niezbędna jest praktyczna nauka zawodu. Polski system edukacji, któremu często zarzuca się, że kształci osoby bezrobotne, nie jest w pełni przygotowany do dostarczania rodzimej gospodarce należycie przygotowanej kadry pracowników. Jednak problem polega nie na tym, że brakuje ludzi wykształconych, ale na tym, że rodzaj, a także poziom wykształcenia nie zawsze są adekwatne do potrzeb. Związane jest to w dużej mierze z wyborami podejmowanymi przez młodych ludzi na etapie wyboru ścieżki edukacyjnej, które to wybory wynikają często z „zawyżonych aspiracji”.Item Ewolucja oraz determinanty kształtujące wspólnotowy rynek pracy przed wschodnim rozszerzeniem Unii Europejskiej w 2004 r.(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2008) Kacperska, MagdalenaItem Gospodarka to kobieta – kobiety w życiu gospodarczym Polski – rola, miejsce, wpływ(Wydawnictwo Naukowe WNPiD UAM w Poznaniu, 2013) Kacperska, MagdalenaThe situation of women in the labor market has long been the subject of numerous academic studies and discussions at various levels. This paper touches on the issue of the roles women play in the economy. These roles are related both to the unpaid housework performed by women at home and professional work at different levels (performed either as selfemployed workers or as employees in the labor market). The considerations presented in the paper unfortunately corroborate the common conviction that the situation of women in the labor market is worse than men’s. The first group under analysis are housewives, who are frequently unable to make a free decision about whether they should work or stay at home. The second group are profes¬sional women who find employment or are selfemployed. Women in the former group are frustrated by the fact that they do not generate any income in their household, although their work is in fact extremely valuable. The second group faces the ‘glass ceiling’ phenomenon, finds employment in the socalled pink collar sector, sees a prevalence of women working in the public sector, and faces problems with balancing work and family obligations. The paper also indicates the instruments that could improve the situation of women in economic life in Poland, primarily including flexible forms of employment, improved availability (in terms of price and amount) and quality of child care facilities (nurseries, kindergartens, and others), more extensive activities to promote the equality of the sexes (fighting stereotypes) and more opportunities to share childcare responsibilities (on top of extant legal solutions). It has also been observed that women themselves frequently adapt to fit the stereo-types, that they have lower expectations in terms of remuneration, do not allow themselves to be assertive and become overloaded with responsibilities, and they imprint the stereotypes of social and economic roles of men and women on their children. It is concluded that steps need to be taken to ensure greater appreciation of house-work, and to make becoming a housewife a conscious decision rather than a compulsion. As regards women who opt for employment or selfemployment, they need to be ensured appropriate remuneration that corresponds to their qualifications, experience and achievements, as well as professional advancement regardless of sex.Item Imigranci zarobkowi na polskim rynku pracy(Wydawnictwo Naukowe WNPiD UAM w Poznaniu, 2018) Kacperska, MagdalenaPolska gospodarka i polski rynek pracy, jako elementy wspólnego rynku UE dają ogromne możliwości zarówno w zakresie handlu i usług, jak i podejmowania działalności gospodarczej oraz zatrudnienia dla obywateli państw członkowskich. Jednak na rynkach pracy krajów członkowskich zatrudniona jest również spora liczba osób spoza granic Unii, czyli tzw. krajów trzecich. Migracje o charakterze zarobkowym stanowią nieodłączną cechę nierównomiernego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego poszczególnych państw i będą zawsze odgrywały istotną rolę zarówno z punktu widzenia krajów przyjmujących, jak i wysyłających. Starzejące się społeczeństwo i coraz lepsza sytuacja na rynku pracy w Polsce, sprawiają, że wzrasta zapotrzebowanie na pracowników z państw trzecich.Item Liberalizm czy interwencjonizm? Recepta na kryzys(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2010) Kacperska, MagdalenaThe uneven nature of market economy development is particularly visible in the historical perspective. The paper underlines the most important theoretical aspects related to business cycles, the reasons for the emergence of crises, and the practical symptoms of the cyclical development of economies. It also briefly analyzes more significant business fluctuations (crises), their reasons, nature and consequences, as well as the changing responses of the state to such crises. Market imbalance is a result of the continuous game of supply and demand, prices and numerous other factors that determine the growth of national product. The analysis of cyclical fluctuations in business over the period of the last century shows that they are unavoidable, that a period of growth is always followed by that of a fall, and that the pace and size of the former frequently determine the depth of the latter. The paper attempts to evidence that each wave results either from appropriate activity or a limitation of activity of the governments concerned. Liberalism or interventionism? What is the right prescription for a crisis? This question can be answered when we review previous crises and the ways of solving them under concrete economic, historical and social conditions. It appears that at a time when states perform an extensive range of functions for their citizens, it is unavoidable to apply some form of interventionism in a majority of situations. Whereas liberal doctrine and practice decidedly prevail on an everyday basis, in exceptional moments, such as economic crises, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, or other events that threaten the feeling of security, society allows for, or actually demands that the governments take appropriate measures. It expects that the state will offer assistance, and if it is not the state, then maybe some other organization. An economy is a living organism and – as in the case of humans – it has to care for itself to prevent illness, as prevention is always better and easier than cure. Another question arises, though – who is supposed to care for an economy and how?Item Sytuacja kobiet na rynku pracy w Polsce(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2011) Kacperska, MagdalenaThe situation of women in the labor market in Poland depends on numerous complex mi- cro- and macroeconomic factors. It results from the economic condition of the country and the global economic situation. It is a product of decisions made on a micro level as a result of macro circumstances. When discussing the employment market it should be borne in mind that it is not an ordinary market, such as the market for wellington boots or that of strawber- ries. The ‘product’ here is a human being and an ‘excess’ in the labor market creates a certain unfavorable outcome, namely unemployment. Just as an excess in the supply of wellingtons or strawberries leads to a drop in price, in the labor market it means cuts in salaries or stopping paychecks. That is why one of the tasks of the government is to provide people with the basic opportunity to get a job and earn money. Why then should the state react to the turbulence in the labor market when it does not necessarily have to do so in other markets? The answer is simply that wellingtons and strawberries do not have to provide for themselves and the family.Item Wpływ rozszerzenia wschodniego na rynek pracy w UE(Wydawnictwo Naukowe WNPiD UAM w Poznaniu, 2008) Kacperska, MagdalenaThe EU enlargement involving the Central and Eastern Europe states set a prece- dent, as never before in the history of European integration were so many states admitted. On May 1, 2004 the European Fifteen was joined by ten new states thus forming a group of 25 states. The objective of this paper is to present the desirable direction for Polish macroeconomic policy on the basis of the experience provided by integrationist processes, with particular emphasis on the experience of Ireland, Greece, Portugal and Spain. The main task of both the ‘old’ and the ‘new’ Union is to take advantage of the opportunities that result from this enlargement. Joint activities and policies should aim at the achievement of the EU strategic aim, established in Lisbon, i.e. at taking advantage of the technological change to achieve the maximum competitiveness and rapid growth pace of the EU economy so that appropriate conditions are created to provide full employment and increase the extent of regional cohesion in the EU.Item Wybory prezydenckie 2015 – kandydaci i ich programy gospodarcze(Wydawnictwo Naukowe WNPiD UAM w Poznaniu, 2016) Kacperska, MagdalenaCelem artykułu jest krótka prezentacja sylwetek wszystkich zarejestrowanych kandydatów w wyborach prezydenckich z 2015 roku oraz ich najważniejszych postulatów w sferze gospodarczej, a także szersza analiza programów wyborczych w tym zakresie zaprezentowanych przez dwóch kandydatów, którzy uzyskali największe poparcie i spotkali się w drugiej turze wyborów, czyli Andrzeja Dudy i Bronisława Komorowskiego. Analizie poddane zostaną programy w części odnoszą- cej się do sfery gospodarczej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kwestii poświęconych zatrudnieniu i przedsiębiorczości.