Browsing by Author "Nowak, Ewa"
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Item ... Abyście się wzmacniali i przedłużali życie na ziemi. Eschatologia doskonałości, rygory Nidda i skandal higieny rasowej w okresie 1850–1945(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii UAM, 2016) Nowak, EwaThe formation and development of khalachic rules, in particular niddah, was always already oriented towards integral perfectibility of human life. The paper explores the integral life eschatology in Judaism and shows how Niddah has been manipulated by race hygienists and eugenicists 1850–1945 as a tool creating a myth of Jewish race on the one hand, and a counter-myth of the new superhuman race. That scandalous manipulation should be concidered when seeking analogies between the Jewish ideal of integral perfectibility and the Western eugenics.Item Antropologia niepełnosprawności: narodziny, schyłek i odrodzenie paradygmatu(UMK, 2017-09) Nowak, EwaFirstly, the paper reconstructs the core stages of anthropological reflection on disabled human condition. Each stage shows some strengths but, at the same time, limitations, for – according to the thesis advocated by the author – the humankind has still not achieved an appropriate quality of coexistence of disabled and enabled individuals. Secondly, the paper examines modern philosophical anthropologies which could empower such a coexistence. Herder and Gehlen's approaches seem to offer a more a adequate contribution than Kant's (and scholastic) anthropology. A revival of the paradigm is only thinkable due to an overall transvaluation of disability-related axiologies and the postconventionalisation of disability-related norms and institutions as well.Item Can human and artificial agents share an autonomy, categorical imperative-based ethics and “moral” selfhood?(Uniwersytet im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu Wydział Nauk Społecznych, Instytut Filozofii UAM, 2017) Nowak, EwaAI designers endeavour to improve ‘autonomy’ in artificial intelligent devices, as recent developments show. This chapter firstly argues against attributing metaphysical attitudes to AI and, simultaneously, in favor of improving autonomous AI which has been enabled to respect autonomy in human agents. This seems to be the only responsible way of making further advances in the field of autonomous social AI. Let us examine what is meant by claims such as designing our artificial alter egos and sharing moral selves with artificial humanoid devices as well as providing autonomous AI with an ethical framework modelled upon the core aspects of moral selfhood, e.g., making decisions which are based on autonomous law-giving, in Kantian terms.Item Ciała w glorii. Z antropologicznego archiwum estetyzacji(Uniwersytet Jagielloński & Wydawnictwo Nowa Strona, 2017) Nowak, EwaArchaiczne teksty i artefakty świadczą o tym, że ludzki wygląd, fizjonomię, sylwetkę, urodę, motorykę, a także funkcjonalność ciała postrzegano jako postrzegano jako 'znaczące' w osobliwych kontekstach. Uprawiano m.in. rodzaj biometrycznej identyfikacji i mantyki (w kulturach basenu Morza Śródziemnego), lub pozbawiano ciało atrybutów 'funkcjonalnych', by wydobyć jego 'chwałę' w świetle eschatologii. Współcześnie jednak splendor idealnej powierzchowności odrywa się od wszelkich znaczeń, zarówno tych, które są immanentne cielesności (np. życie wewnętrzne, mentalne, duchowe), jak i tych, które mogłyby je 'transcendować'. Jest on pusty, jak podkreślają Giorgio Agamben i Alphonso Lingis.Item Demokracja zaczyna się w umyśle. Rozwijając osobowość demokratyczną(Uniwersytet Jagielloński, 2013) Nowak, Ewa; Juchacz, Piotr W.; Cern, Karolina; Nowak, EwaUcząc studentów filozofii na uniwersytecie zaobserwowałam, że rozmowy o demokracji szybko wznoszą się na poziom abstrakcji (Rosen określa to zjawisko jako "nadmierną prosesjonalizację"); zarazem, ci sami studenci nigdy jeszcze nie zakosztowali prawdziwie demokratycznej dyskusji ani też kooperacji. W jaki sposób teoretycy zasilać mają realny proces demokratyczny? Wszelkie kompetencje umysłowe rozwijają się tylko dzięki regularnemu używaniu. Kompetencje demokratyczne również mają podłoże umysłowe. Swego czasu Lind et al. zaproponowali nawet koncepcję "osobowości demokratycznej". Chciałabym ją tutaj zilustrować, przywołując moje własne badania i doświadczenia związane z edukacją demokratyczną.Item Doskonałość. Z genealogii human enhancement(Wydawnictwo Naukowe WNS UAM, 2014) Nowak, EwaArtykuł definiuje fenomen "human enhancement" interdyscyplinarnie, rozróżnia 'naturalność' od sztucznej biokreacji, omawia potencjonowanie terapeutyczne od pozaterapeutycznego (tabelarycznie i poglądowo), pokazuje też jedną z najstarszych (eschatologicznie uwarunkowanych) tradycji samodoskonalenia integralnego.Item Dydaktyka online i semi-online: jak stosować technologie cyfrowe w nauczaniu filozofii i etyki(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Nowak, EwaInternet access and semi-online teaching methods seem to be useful in a scientific and technological education. How efficient they can be in a philosophical and sociomoral education? Expe- riencing of full inclusion and open discourse are preconditions of moral and democratic education. I show supporting opportunities for semi-online teaching by giving an exemple that is based o sto- ry from A. Schopenhauer.Item Dysonans normatywny a porządek argumentacji(Wydawnictwo Naukowe IF UAM, 2012) Nowak, Ewa; Orlik, Piotr et al.Jakiego typu racje i w jaki sposób prowadzą do decyzji w tak trudnych sytuacjach, jak dylemat moralny, dylemat moralno-prawny itp. – w kontekście profesjonalnym/klinicznym lub innym? Czy możemy jakoś uszeregować argumenty, a jeżeli tak, to czy porządek argumentacji przekłada się na jakąś hierarchię? Artykuł definiuje, czym jest dylemat i pokazuje egzemplaryczne typy skalowania racji i argumentacji w obliczu decyzji (studium przypadku z zakresu etyki klinicznej: czy przeprowadzić zabieg neurochirurgiczny u pacjenta, który jest młodocianym 'seryjnym' sprawcą). Artykuł prezentuje nowe metody argumentacji, odbiegające od obiegowej 'wagonikologii' (choć uwzględnia argument konsekwencjalistyczny).Item Educating epistemological principles, virtues and research skills. Review on Marina Klimenko’s textbook “Research Methods in the Social Sciences”(Uniwersytet im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu Wydział Nauk Społecznych, Instytut Filozofii UAM, 2021-08-17) Nowak, EwaImproving university students’ research skills, research integ-rity and best standards for scientific excellence is crucial for all disciplines. Marina Klimenko, a senior lecturer at the Universi-ty of Florida, developed an innovative digital textbook entitled Research Methods in the Social Sciences (2020) with the focus on investigative psychology. The edition was powered by the e-learn-ing portal and published by Sentia Publishing. The author’s own epistemological and research expertise is combined here with her competence in higher education didactics. Klimenko’s textbook seems to be perfectly tailored for prospective researchers – and useful for various disciplines representing the social sciences and humanities.Item Ethical Theory in Classic German Philosophy Then and Now(UAM, 2021-12-31) Nowak, Ewa; Rockmore, Tom; Scaglia, Lara; Adolphi, RainerThe volume brings together contributions in the spirit embodied by Marek J. Siemek († 2011) and Jakub Kloc-Konkołowicz († 2021), two Warsaw philosophers truly devoted to Classical German Philosophy. They were simultaneously in a relationship between thinker and adept, and thinker and thinker. They both taught philosophy, with a strong emphasis on classic German philosophy, at Warsaw University. Under the theme “Ethical Theory in Classic German Philosophy Then and Now,” students and companions continue their discussions with both of them.Item Ethics in Progress(2010-10-06T10:06:01Z) Nowak, EwaProgram „Ethics-in-Progress” stara się otworzyć etykę dla edukacji – po to, aby razem z nią wzmacniać umiejętności, bez których radzenie sobie z dzisiejszymi problemami moralnymi i społecznymi jest praktycznie niemożliwe. Sięga do tych dyscyplin, które unaoczniają, jak wiele możemy zdziałać podczas lekcji etyki. „Ethics-in-Progress” stara się mówić językiem zrozumiałym. Jest interaktywny, otwarty na potrzeby sygnalizowane przez studiujących. Zawiera informacje rzadko dostępne w obszarze polskojęzycznym, starannie wyselekcjonowane z wielu dyscyplin – dające wgląd w edukację etyczną równolegle z wielu stron.Item Ewolucja i osobliwość. Pojęcie prawa według Emmanuela Levinasa(Uniwersytet Jagielloński, 2015) Nowak, EwaArtykuł odsłania napięcie między etyką i prawem u Emmanuela Lévinasa. Instytu- cje i etyka w różny sposób stosują się do jednostek w ich „unikalności” tudzież „podmiotowości prawnej”. Po zdemaskowaniu ambiwalencji prawa pozytywnego Lévinas stanowczo apelował o to, by ustawy znajdowały umocowanie w dyskursie obywatelskim. Prawa powinny być też zorientowane na pierwotne prawa ludzkie. W pismach Lévinasa stopniowo na ważności zyskują sprawiedliwość i „Trzeci”. Autorka prześledziła tę ewolucję i ramowo zarysowała sceptyczną filozofię prawa wedle Lévinasa, niezależną od widocznych u niego predylekcji do bezwarunkowej etyki.Item Examining The Dialogical Principle in Marek Siemek's Legacy(IFiS PAN Warszawa, 2016) Nowak, EwaThe paper examines the evolution of Marek Siemek’s “dialogical principle.” The early version of this principle, sketched in the essay “Dialogue and Its Myth” (1974), meets several criteria of the phenomenology of dialogue and even hermeneutics. How- ever, Siemek has continued to change his concept of dialogue over the decades. In his recent book, Freedom, Reason, Intersubjectivity (2002), he explores transcendental preconditions of free and reasonable activism, i.e., the Fichtean “limitative synthesis” of I and Non-I and its applications in social interrelations. He no longer considers the em- pirical, anthropological, and phenomenological aspects of dialogics and mutual recognition. He also replaces mutuality with reciprocity, asymmetry with symmetry, and phe- nomenology with transcendentalism.Item Funkcjonowanie nazwisk pochodzenia niemieckiego w siedemnasto- i osiemnastowiecznych rejestrach poznańskich podatników czopowego. Świadectwa polonizacji(Wydawnictwo „Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne" i Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2012) Nowak, EwaThe proposed paper presents the functioning of German-origin names with their root and etymology of German origin borne by Poznań burghers in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. The source material for the study was provided by archival registers of the taxpayer of the tax on production and sale of alcoholic beverages. The work has attempted to determine the motivation behind the names and to track down their development, while the applied research method involves the motivational analysis that results in a pool of particular types of surnames that includes surnames motivated by German proper names and German appellatives. The set of all foreign surnames of the population of Poznań, amounting to nearly 20% of all onomastic material attested in the available archival documents, includes far more German surnames or surnames of German origin than any other surnames. In time, the given names of German people were Polonized both in the phonetic and the morphological plane. A small part of them was incorporated into the Polish language in their original form. In the material under scrutiny the Polonized forms were in preponderance as compared to purely German names. Language adaptation was also responsible for the formation of surnames of women – hybrid feminine forms from German names with Polish feminine suffixes appended onto foreign names. On numerous occasions it was impossible to unequivocally establish the German etymology of some of the surnames, which forced a conclusion leading to a proposition of a multi-motivational character of Poznań anthroponyms that, beside the motivation by a Polish anthroponym or appellative, also referred to German anthroponyms and appellatives. The bulk of surnames of German origin have remained vital and have been testified in the resources of present-day Polish anthroponyms.Item Giving Moral Competence High Priority in Medical Education. New MCT-based Research Findings from the Polish Context(Wydział Filozoficzny, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 2021-08-27) Nowak, Ewa; Barciszewska, Anna-Maria; Lind, Georg; Hemmerling, Kay; Taradi, Sunčana KukoljaNowadays, healthcare and medical education is qualified by test scores and competitiveness. This article considers its quality in terms of improving the moral competence of future healthcare providers. Objectives. Examining the relevance of moral competence in medico-clinical decision-making despite the paradigm shift and discussing the up-to-date findings on healthcare students (Polish sample). Design and method. N=115 participants were surveyed with a standard Moral Competence Test to examine how their moral competence development was affected by the learning environment and further important factors. Results. The sample allowed the identification of a regress in moral competence during students’ pre-clinical curriculum, and progress during their clinical curriculum. A gender-related bias, a segmentation effect, and a pronunciation effect were noticed. Explanations. Scholarly literature usually reports a linear decrease of medical students’ C-scores resulting from, e.g., competitive trends in education. We identified such trends in terms of gender-specific competitive tactics. Religious and ethical affiliations were discussed to explain the unexpected gender bias and the related segmentation and pronunciation effects. The findings can be regarded as predictive for similar developments in educational institutions regardless of cultural contexts as the sample examined in this article represents medical education in a country facing a transition from a non-competitive to competitive tertiary education model, and between presecular and monocultural to secular and pluralist social ethics.Item Heurystyka strachu. Czy ambiwalencja lęku może być dla nas pouczająca?(Uniwersytet im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu Wydział Nauk Społecznych, Instytut Filozofii UAM, 2015) Tibaldeo, Roberto Franzini; Nowak, Ewa; Huk, Marta ZuzannaThe paper assumes that fear presents a certain degree of ambivalence. To say it with Hans Jonas (1903-1993), fear is not only a negative emotion, but may teach us something very important: we recognize what is relevant when we perceive that it is at stake. Under this respect, fear may be assumed as a guide to responsibility, a virtue that is becoming increasingly important, because of the role played by human technology in the current ecological crisis. Secondly, fear and responsibility concern both dimensions of human action: private-individual and publiccollective. What the ‘heuristics of fear’ teaches us, is to become aware of a deeper ambivalence, namely the one which characterizes as such human freedom, which may aim to good or bad, to self-preservation or self-destruction. Any public discussion concerning political or economic issues related with human action (at an individual or collective level) ought not to leave this essential idea out of consideration.Item Integracja polityczna Polaków na emigracji. Polonia w Austrii – studium przypadku(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2011) Nowak, Ewa; Bernacka, Ryszarda Ewa; Riedel, RafałThe main purpose of the survey discussed in this paper is to answer the question of which factors describe the status of political integration of Poles in Austria. Political integration concerns the phenomenon of joining the political life of a given political system and, to some extent, also its results. For the purpose of this study the notion of political integration is to stand for the involvement of the ‘visiting’ citizens in the political life of the ‘host’ state, in particular political participation, taking the form of public activity and voting in elections. The survey adopts a general theoretical model where the state of integration of Poles in Austria is comprehended in terms of a three-element political culture (comprising cognitive, emotional-and-assessing, and behavioral elements). It undergoes external influences, related to the period spent living abroad, and domestic influences of social identity (approached functionally). Additionally, the model assumes that these factors can be internally related. The empirical aspect of the analysis is based on the authors’ own survey carried out using a questionnaire, psychological scale and focus group interview of a sample of Polish émigrés in Austria.Item Mediterranean drama: pragmatic, legal and moral aspects of hospitality(Uniwersytet im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu Wydział Nauk Społecznych, Instytut Filozofii UAM, 2015) Nowak, EwaHospitality is „not a concept which lends itself to objective knowledge,” Jacques Derrida assumes. His assumption „provokes” and challenges European hospitability, not only in the Mediterranean area in which „welcoming” and „ingratiating” (in Derrida’s terms) forms of human conduct met together thousands years ago, and an asylum seeker found hospitia. What is hospitality and why philosophize about it today? The paper examines hospitality’s pragmatic, customary, legal and moral aspects in, both, historical and contemporary contexts.Item Mis-Educative Martial Law – The Fate of Free Discourse and the Moral Judgment Competence of Polish University Students from 1977 to 1983(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii UAM, 2018) Nowak, Ewa; Lind, GeorgThe reprinted paper refers to Georg Lind and his colleagues’ MCT-based FORM study conducted at several European universities in 1977-1983, including Polish ones. After a short phase of democratization, in 1981 Polish society suddenly faced martial law. That experience had an impact on Polish students moral-, discursiveand democratic competences, as measured by MCT. When Ewa Nowak started her Alexander von Humboldt Foundation supported research stay under the supervision of Professor Georg Lind (University of Konstanz, 2008-2010), they were inspired to revisit and discuss the puzzling Polish research findings of 1981/3. According to their main hypothesis, martial law restricted free speech at universities, and free speech is a key facilitator of the development of moral and democratic competence. In 2018, after a decade of collaborative research on moral and democratic competence, Lind, Nowak and colleagues started a new international MCT study in several Central- and East European countries to examine the impact of the contemporary constitutional crisis in Poland (and the institutional crisis within the European Union) on students’ moral and democratic competencies. In 2018/9 the 40th anniversary of the Moral Competence Test (MCT) and Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion (KMDD) will be celebrated. We would like to provide you with the most recent research findings soon.Item Moral Competence and Aggression Prevention. Updating MCT Pilot Studies Inspired by Georg Lind’s Book How to Teach Morality. Promoting Deliberation and Discussion, Reducing Violence and Deceit (2016)(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii UAM, 2017) Nowak, Ewa; Urbańska, AdriannaAggression in juveniles may increase even in modern societies and manifest itself in countless forms of violence, including harming, persecution, abuse, pressure, hostility, etc. A large number of studies on the evolutionary, psychological and sociological origins of aggression are available. However, we lack cognitive remedies to counter developing tendencies towards aggressive behavior. Georg Lind's book How to teach morality. Promoting deliberation and discussion, reducing violence and deceit (2016) offers such a remedy based on his long–term (1976–2017) experiences with dilemma discussion training. This paper draws on Lind's conception of strengthening socio-moral competence as the most efficient remedy against aggression. It also revisits the ongoing theories of empathy. Finally, it revises the pilot research study that we conducted 2010 among Polish and Swiss juveniles7. That study focused on the following hypotheses: Lind's method of dilemma discussion (KMDD) can train and retrain moral competence in uveniles that show a slight inclination towards aggressive behavior. Strong moral competence may prevent further maldevelopment, in particular interpersonal and collective violence.