Dzieje muzeów regionalnych na Pomorzu Zachodnim do 1945 roku
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Date
2023
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History of regional museums in Western Pomerania before 1945
Abstract
Istotną częścią opracowania jest przedstawienie rozwoju i działalności pomorskich muzeów regionalnych od schyłku XIX w. aż do 1945 r. na terenie Pomorza Zachodniego, a następnie losy tych muzeów w wyniku działań wojennych i bezpośrednio po II wojnie światowej. W każdej siedzibie powiatu a nieraz w większych miastach nie będących siedzibami urzędów powiatowych, znajdowały się regionalne „Heimatmusea” podlegające Starostom, Magistratowi lub społecznie działającym towarzystwom regionalnym. Były też muzea szkolne i wiejskie. W pierwszej części pracy zostały przedstawione początki zbieractwa i kolekcjonerstwa prywatnego do XIX w., omówione źródła archiwalne i drukowane, a także stan badań nad muzealnictwem pomorskim oraz sytuacja muzealnictwa na tle niemieckiej polityki kulturalnej w prowincji pomorskiej. Ważnym zagadnieniem jest zjawisko powstawania towarzystw historycznych i ich rola w niemieckiej kulturze i nauce w XIX i początkach XX w. Generalnie muzea regionalne na Pomorzu Zachodnim zaczęły powstawać po I wojnie światowej, chociaż wiele z nich swoją organizacją sięga początków XX w. Nieliczne, jak Lębork, Pyrzyce czy Koszalin, organizowały się w końcu XIX w. Na obszarze rejencji Szczecińskiej i Koszalińskiej istniało za czasów niemieckich 30 muzeów regionalnych, z tym że w tej liczbie ujmuje się 3 muzea w Kołobrzegu, 2 w Pyrzycach, czy też małe muzeum w Goleniowie, miejskie w Policach i Dąbiu oraz muzealną izbę szkolną w Wolinie.
An important part of this study is the presentation of the development and activities of Pomeranian regional museums from the end of the 19th century until 1945 in Western Pomerania and then the fate of these museums as a result of military operations and immediately after World War II. In every poviat seat, and sometimes in larger towns which were not poviat seats, there were regional “Heimatmuseen” managed by the Starostes, Town Halls or socially active regional societies. There were also school museums and rural museums. The first part of this study presents the beginnings of private collecting up to the 19th century, discusses archival and printed sources as well as the state of research on Pomeranian museology and the situation of museology against the background of German cultural policy in the Pomeranian province. An important issue is the phenomenon of the formation of historical societies and their role in German culture and science in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In general, regional museums in Western Pomerania started to be established after World War I, although many of them date back to the early 20th century. A few of them, such as Lębork, Pyrzyce or Koszalin, were organised in the 19th century. In German times, in the area of the Szczecin and Koszalin Regency, there were 30 regional museums, but this number included 3 museums in Kołobrzeg, 2 in Pyrzyce, a small museum in Goleniów, municipal museums in Police and Dąbie as well as a school museum in Wolin.
An important part of this study is the presentation of the development and activities of Pomeranian regional museums from the end of the 19th century until 1945 in Western Pomerania and then the fate of these museums as a result of military operations and immediately after World War II. In every poviat seat, and sometimes in larger towns which were not poviat seats, there were regional “Heimatmuseen” managed by the Starostes, Town Halls or socially active regional societies. There were also school museums and rural museums. The first part of this study presents the beginnings of private collecting up to the 19th century, discusses archival and printed sources as well as the state of research on Pomeranian museology and the situation of museology against the background of German cultural policy in the Pomeranian province. An important issue is the phenomenon of the formation of historical societies and their role in German culture and science in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In general, regional museums in Western Pomerania started to be established after World War I, although many of them date back to the early 20th century. A few of them, such as Lębork, Pyrzyce or Koszalin, were organised in the 19th century. In German times, in the area of the Szczecin and Koszalin Regency, there were 30 regional museums, but this number included 3 museums in Kołobrzeg, 2 in Pyrzyce, a small museum in Goleniów, municipal museums in Police and Dąbie as well as a school museum in Wolin.
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zbieractwo, kolekcjonerstwo, XVII i XVIII wiek, Towarzystwa Historyczne, Pomorze Zachodnie, collecting, 17th and 18th century, Historical Societies, Western Pomerania