Pozycja Homo sapiens widziana z perspektywy molekularnej
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Date
1986
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Polskie Towarzystwo Antropologiczne
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Position of Homo sapiens seen from the molecular perspective
Abstract
These studies refer primarily to the proteins and DNA. Works on rRNA and tRNA have a smaller
significance in comparison with closely related groups. Comparative studies of proteins were started with the
help of immunological methods, mainly precipitation and complement fixation reaction, then Immunoelectrophoresis
and electrophoresis in gel were applied, and finally the sequencing of proteins. In the works on
DNA the amount of repetitive DNA was determined, renaturalization and hybridization were defined , and then
sequencing of DNA, particularly of the one drop DNA. Recently the mitrochondrial DNA started to be studied
and quite recently the polymorphism of the length of restrictive segments has been investigated. A supplement of
this are the cariological works, studies on the number and structure of chromosomes, their type of striation and
the recent studies on the localization of genes. Discussions are carried out on the possibility and limitation of
these studies, particularly on the so called melecular clock.
Molecular studies refer at present to the living species of Hominidae family and particularly of the subfamily of
Homininae with man included. Subsequent discussions refer to the relation of man with apes, their mutual
philogenetic relations and the contribution of molecular biology to the achievements of anthropogenesis.
Isolated molecular studies on the extinct forms are mentioned. The applicability of molecular methods in the
studies on human populations and their value in the investigations on the ethnogenesis and the history of
definite populations are discussed. The necessity is stressed that there is a need of a different interpretation of
data obtained in the investigation on adaptation features and features with no adaptational values, taking into
account not only the investigation of semandides but also the works on the frequency of mutations, on the
genetic composition of different populations and the polymorphism of restriction segments. Finally the work
discusses briefly the molecular studies of mummies and bones.
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Przegląd Antropologiczny, vol. 52, z. 1-2, 1986, pp. 15-34