Młodociani w źródłach mykeńskich. Studium archeologiczno-filologiczne
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Date
2023
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Young people in Mycenaean sources. Archaeological and philological study
Abstract
Celem pracy doktorskiej było określenie znaczenia i roli dzieci w świecie mykeńskim, poprzez analizę pisma linearnego B oraz obiektów archeologicznych. Przedstawione badania bazują na porównaniu inskrypcji znalezionych w Knossos, Mykenach, Tebach i Pylos z pozostałościami archeologicznymi związanymi z dziećmi. W badaniach zaaplikowano interdyscyplinarne (łącząc archeologię, filologię i antropologię) i lokalne podejście dla każdego z badanych regionów (Argolida, Beotia, Pylos z Bliższą i Dalszą Prowincją, oraz północno-centralna Kreta). W celu porównania i analizy danych archeologicznych i lingwistycznych zostały utworzone dwa katalogi. Pierwszy katalog zawiera 136 + fragmenty z 9947 tabliczek znalezionych w Knossos, 5 z 86 z Myken, 22 z 294 z Teb, oraz 144 + fragmenty z 1101 z Pylos datowanymi na ok. 1420-1180 przed Chr. Drugi katalog zawiera 37 obiektów z północno-centralnej Krety, 72 z Argolidy, 24 z Beotii i 25 z Messenii. Przeprowadzone badania pokazały, że słowa opisujące relacje rodzinne było wyjątkowo rzadko użytkowane. Badania przeprowadzone na obiektach wskazują na zabieg miniaturyzacji ceramiki w wyposażeniu grobów dziecięcych, której takie same kształty są znajdowane w grobach osób dorosłych. Kolejnym badanym obiektem są figurki kourotrophos, które przedstawiają kobietę trzymającą dziecko. Ich funkcja pozostaje nierozpoznana, jednakże ze względu na różne konteksty ich znalezienia, dzieci mogły być ich autorami. Co więcej, tego rodzaje figurki są znajdowane przede wszystkim w grobach młodzieży. Pozostałe elementy wyposażenia grobów pokazują, że dorastanie było formą okresu przejściowego.
The dissertation is focus on the role of youngest members of the Mycenaean society. Studies are based on a comparison of the Linear B script with archaeological material. As the inscriptions and material culture have shown, children and youth were treated differently on different stages of childhood. Young people are noticed on administration records together and separately from adults, on the lists of workers, recipients, owners and learners/ apprentices. Archaeological material, similar in dating to the Linear B script, shows various burial practices for subadults (in dromos of the tomb, under the floor of houses or shrines, in pit and chamber graves). The research data was collected from North-Central Crete (Knossos), Argolid (Mycenae), Boeotia (Thebes) and Messenia (Pylos) in the form of two cataloques: with Mycenaean inscriptions and archaeological objects. The cataloque with inscriptions contains 136 + joins of 9947 tablets from Knossos, 5 of 86 from Mycenae, 22 of 294 from Thebes and 144 + joins of 1101 from Pylos, dated to ca. 1420-1180 BC. The second database contains 37 objects from North-Central Crete, 72 from Argolid, 24 from Boeotia, and 25 from Messenia. Presented studies of Linear B script have shown that words indicating family bonds between youth and adults occurred very sparsely. Furthermore, the research on archaeological data has shown miniaturization of vessels for children graves, usually used as furnishings for adult’s burials. Moreover, the evidence from this study demonstrates that kourotrophos figurines were mostly found with burials of juvenis. The other furnishings from subadult graves suggest that adolescence was a transitional period.
The dissertation is focus on the role of youngest members of the Mycenaean society. Studies are based on a comparison of the Linear B script with archaeological material. As the inscriptions and material culture have shown, children and youth were treated differently on different stages of childhood. Young people are noticed on administration records together and separately from adults, on the lists of workers, recipients, owners and learners/ apprentices. Archaeological material, similar in dating to the Linear B script, shows various burial practices for subadults (in dromos of the tomb, under the floor of houses or shrines, in pit and chamber graves). The research data was collected from North-Central Crete (Knossos), Argolid (Mycenae), Boeotia (Thebes) and Messenia (Pylos) in the form of two cataloques: with Mycenaean inscriptions and archaeological objects. The cataloque with inscriptions contains 136 + joins of 9947 tablets from Knossos, 5 of 86 from Mycenae, 22 of 294 from Thebes and 144 + joins of 1101 from Pylos, dated to ca. 1420-1180 BC. The second database contains 37 objects from North-Central Crete, 72 from Argolid, 24 from Boeotia, and 25 from Messenia. Presented studies of Linear B script have shown that words indicating family bonds between youth and adults occurred very sparsely. Furthermore, the research on archaeological data has shown miniaturization of vessels for children graves, usually used as furnishings for adult’s burials. Moreover, the evidence from this study demonstrates that kourotrophos figurines were mostly found with burials of juvenis. The other furnishings from subadult graves suggest that adolescence was a transitional period.
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Wydział Archeologii
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Keywords
Kultura Mykeńska, dzieciństwo, pismo linearne B, Mycenaean society, childhood, Linear B script