Artykuły naukowe (WH)
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Browsing Artykuły naukowe (WH) by Author "Bugaj, Ewa"
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Item Badania ratownicze na stanowisku Milejowice, pow. Wrocław, w latach 1999-2001(Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2002) Bugaj, Ewa; Gediga, Bogusław; Kosicki, Andrzej; Szwed, Robert; Żygadło, LeszekItem Etruscan Systems of a Goods Exchange and Communication Routes Including Regions Located North of the Alps. Outline of the Issue(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2007) Bugaj, EwaItem O nowych podejściach w badaniach sztuki greckiej na przykładzie wytwórczości rzeźbiarskiej(Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Ośrodek Studiów Pradziejowych i Średniowiecznych w Poznaniu, 2018) Bugaj, EwaIn the chapter concerning the new approaches in the study of Greek sculptural production at first Ewa Bugaj considers the problem of putting the ancient artefacts with the modern works of art on the same level and the need for the new conceptualisation of them. In the next step she outlines historiography of the Greek sculpture with the particular reference to the study on their stylistic development. Further on the author presents selected, new approaches in the study on Greek sculpture, the ones which are breaking the long tradition of research on them, rooted in the Enlightenment and Hegelian thought and historicism. She focusses on the results of these research which shift the interpretative emphasis from the relation between the image/ sculpture and its model to that of the image and its viewer.Item Ornamentyka figuralna na naczyniach glinianych okresu przedrzymskiego i rzymskiego w Polsce(1995) Bugaj, Ewa; Makiewicz, TadeuszThe article discusses figural ornamentation in clay vessels dated to pre-Roman and Roman periods found on territory of Poland. A catalogue description, structural and typological analysis, and determining chronology and the function of the objects made it possible to place this group in the cultural background of analogous findings of Celtic and Germanic prehistoric societies ceramics from the Barbaricum area and Great Britain. Figural motifs show remarkable variety in images and the techniques employed, since they occur in board chronological frames.Item Sposoby czytania rzymskich portretów starców z okresu republiki(Institute of Classical Philology AMU, 2014) Bugaj, EwaThe paper considers Roman Republican portrait sculptures that consists mainly of the images of the old men, depicted in a stern manner, with gloomy and graceless faces. These so called veristic images, manipulating particular elements of physiognomy and character of portrayed people, were supposed to carry a particular message, to play desired and expected political and propaganda roles. The paper reveals various attempts made to extend interpretative interest beyond formal and stylistic interpretations of these old men portraits and to look at these visual representations in a wider cultural and political context of their times.Item Starożytny akt kobiecy i jego późniejsze implikacje. Uwagi na marginesie Afrodyty Knidyjskiej(Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk, 2017) Bugaj, EwaThis paper investigates the female nude in ancient Greek monumental sculpture based on the Aphrodite of Knidos. It first emphasises that Greek statues mostly represent deities and heroic figures in human forms. One of the reasons for this was the anthropomorphisation of the gods and heroes, the base of the Greek religion. As a result, the image of the human body constantly occupied the imagination of sculptors. Recently, there has been a shift of interest in the study of Greek statues, particularly cult statues. Iconographic and iconological considerations have been increasingly replaced by attempts to comprehend and receive the sculpture just like ancient Greeks. The text quotes a large group of researchers who have undertaken fresh efforts to interpret Greek cult statues, combining a meticulous analysis of ancient texts with studies on the preserved body of works and the contemporary reflection on the broadly understood visual culture and the ways it influences and is received by people. Important in these studies is also the recognition of the enormous impact of the modern, especially post-Enlightenment tradition, on the contemporary reception and meaning attributed to the ancient Greek art, especially statues. The article then provides a clear overview of various interpretations of the Aphrodite of Knidos, a famous work of Praxiteles, in the context of the considerations about the statues and their agency, and explores the reflection on the development of the so-called naturalistic style in Greek sculpture. The paper shows how common is the interest in goddess-related issues, notably the one depicted in the statue from Knidos. On the one hand, this stems from the popularity of gender studies, blossoming also in antiquity research, and on the other hand, from a reflection on modern European art coming from feminist art history. Unfortunately, within these approaches, the Praxiteles’ work is subject to accusations, because the sculptor supposedly showed the weakness of Aphrodite, embarrassed with her nudity, as opposed to the proudly presented nudity in male statues. The embarrassment, covering up, shows the goddess as weak and vulnerable, susceptible to injury. The naked Aphrodite of Knidos is therefore believed to have been sexually objectified by being subordinated to the male gaze. This makes the cult statue a thing subordinated to male needs and devoid of any impact. Ewa Bugaj argues that such interpretations significantly reduce the phenomenon of the cult statues and its functioning in antiquity, as presented at the beginning of the paper. We cannot forget that Aphrodite was first of all the goddess, not an ordinary woman, and the religious aspect of the functioning of the statue, so important for the ancients, should not be overlooked in the interpretation. The paper thus shows that an ancient Greek, a follower of the goddess, is unlikely to have separated his gaze from his or her religious beliefs, given that the Greeks viewed the sculpture as a statue and the goddess at the same time. Other interpretations of Praxiteles’ work are also given. It has been argued that based on religion studies as well as literary and historical references, Aphrodite cannot be called a modest goddess. Hence, her perfect and attractive body, carved by Praxiteles, was probably meant to emphasise her power. Furthermore, the decision to leave the genitals at the statue of Aphrodite of Knidos unmarked could have resulted from an intention to distinguish her divine body from the bodies of ordinary women. This permitted the goddess, embodied in the statue, to retain the status of impact and power. The nudity of the Aphrodite of Knidos rendered by Praxiteles in a very sensual manner, seemed to manifest her bodily availability, yet ultimately, the goddess was not fully accessible (both in the myths about the goddess and the legends about the statue). The beautiful, worthy of the highest admiration and lust outside of the goddess, masterfully shown by Praxiteles, enabled the Greek to image her inner divine qualities. Thus, the aim of the representation was perhaps not to stimulate lusty glances and intimate relations with the statue, but to inspire religious awe and elation.Item The Early Iron Age Elite and Their Seat in the South West Poland. A Case Study of the Milejowice Site 19, Wrocław District(Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology PAN, 2008) Bugaj, Ewa; Kopiasz, JarosławThe paper discusses the emergence of elite within the Early Iron Age society in south western Poland taking under consideration evidence from recently discovered settlement called Milejowice site 19, partly fenced with palisade-like circular constructions. Another Silesian distinctive settlement Stary Śleszów and analogy from adjacent regions (Bohemian new discovered fortified courtyard – “Herrensitz” Opatovice nad Labem), as well as the just unearthed burial area in Silesia with richly furnished chamber graves (Domasław, Wrocław district) support the authors view of visible deep social transformations and emergence of aristocracy in south western Poland, especially in the Hallstatt C period. New archaeological finds allow seeing that the discussed elite absorb cultural influences from the east via mid-Danube and from the south through the Alpine passes and adapt the Mediterranean ideas to its own social needs. In the conclusion the authors suggest that discussed region of Poland in the light of recent discoveries can be recognized not only as highly influenced by the Hallstatt culture but as a province of it.Item Wczesnogreckie przedstawienia figuralne i ich oddziaływanie w kręgu kultury halsztackiej(PAN, 2010) Bugaj, EwaItem Wielkopolskie instytucje archeologiczne na przestrzeni ostatnich 20. lat(Stowarzyszenie Naukowe Archeologów Polskich, Oddział Poznań, 2013) Bugaj, EwaItem Wyniki ratowniczych badań wykopaliskowych przeprowadzonych na stanowisku Milejowice 19, gm. Żórawina, pow. Wrocław, woj. dolnośląskie(Ośrodek Ochrony Dziedzictwa Archeologicznego, 2004) Bugaj, Ewa; Gediga, BogusławItem Zdobnictwo figuralne na ceramice dorzeczy Odry i Łaby w okresie przedrzymskim i wpływów rzymskich(Polska Akademia Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu, Muzeum w Gliwicach, 1997) Bugaj, Ewa