Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna, 2012, Tom 1 Nr 2
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Item Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna, Tom 1 (2012) Nr 2 – Spis treści / Contents(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012)Item Redakcja / Rada Naukowa / Strona tytułowa / Editors & Editorial Board / Title page(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012)Item Strona tytułowa / Redakcja / Misja / Współpraca(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012)Item Kronika(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012)Item Fenomenologia(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Moryń, MariuszPhenomenology was founded by Edmund Husserl and developed by the followers like Max Scheler. It is the most important philosophical system of the 20th Century. Phenomenology, in Husserl’s conception, is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection and analysis of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness. In its basic form phenomenology is the method of describing of the reality devoid of any assumptions and in consequence the key concepts in Hus- serl’s theory are notion of the pure consciousness and theory of transcendental phenomenology. Phenomenology thus attempts to create conditions for the objective study of topics usually regarded as subjective that is: consciousness and the content of conscious experiences such as judgements, perceptions and emotions.Item Epistemologia Kanta jako rozwiązanie sporu empiryzmu z racjonalizmem(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Wendland, MichałThe article concerns some of the most important elements of I. Kant’s epistemology and its connections with earlier epistemological ideas, namely rationalism and empiricism. The history of dispute between rationalism (Descartes, Leibniz) and empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) is hereby shortly presented while Kant’s own philosophical achievements are suggested to be both alternative and synthesis of these. The main core of this paper is summary of basis of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason; some most important categories are described: apriorism, synthetic and analytical judgements, knowledge a priori and a posteriori, main ideas of transcendental esthetics (two forms of pure intuition: time and space), main ideas of transcendental logic (forms of judgement and twelve categories). Also the meaning of Kant’s „copernican revolution” is presented as a turning point for classical German philosophy as well as for whole modern epistemology.Item Od Bacona do Hume’a – istota i odcienie empiryzmu w nowożytnej Anglii(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Andrzejewski, BolesławThe aim of the article is to give a brief overview of English empiricism, particularly in modern philosophy. The paper will firstly examine the pre-enlightenment thought of F. Bacon, upon which it will discuss the empiricism of J. Locke, G. Berkeley and D. Hume. The general conclusion of the paper has it that although empiricism has assumed different shades, it has always permeated English culture.Item Ogień w filozofii Heraklita(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Makowski, PiotrThe author sketches the most important aspects of Heraclitean theory of fire as the ‘principle’, ‘beginning’ or ‘origin’ (arché) of existing things. The presentation puts his concept of arché in the background of Heraclitean famous aphoristic dicta (‘everything flows’ – panta rhei, among others) and his theory of universal logos. Although the philosophy of Heraclitus is not very distinct from other theories by archaic philosophers of nature (Anaximander, Anaximenes, Thales, Parmenides, Empedocles), its specificity makes Heraclitus one of the most influential and inspiring figures of Ancient world.Item Czym była Marksowska krytyka ekonomii politycznej?(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Nowak, KrzysztofThe present paper reconstructs the peculiarities of Marx’s critique of classical political economy. The first section recalls three main intellectual sources of Marxism: Classical German Philosophy, French Utopian Socialism, and English Classical Political Economy. The second section focuses on reasons why the Marxian thought has often been considered as passé. The third part shows that many examples of downgrading or even rejecting Marx’s propositions resulted from misunderstanding of the peculiarities of his method of investigation. Finally, the paper analyses possibilities of bringing back the Marx’s critique of political economy into scientific interests, for instance, in the form of modern crisis theory.Item Faszyzm austriacki (1934–1938) – założenia filozoficzno-ideowe, ustrojowe i praktyka polityczna(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Czerwińska-Schupp, EwaThe purpose of this article consists in presentation of Austrian fascism (austrofascism) embodied in the Federal State of Auatria 1934–1938. The State represented an important episode in the history of European authoritarianism. In the following paper I address four issues: (1) philosophical, ideological, and doctrinal justification of Austrian fascism, (2) legal and constitutional principles of the regime of Engelbert Dollfuß and Kurt Schuschnigg, (3) relationship between the formal structure of Federal State and the socio-political reality. Finally, (4) I try to answer two interrelated questions concerning the nature of the austrofascist dictatorship and the legitimacy of considering austrofascism as a system of government in the context of phenomenon of fascism.Item Kosmos i filozofia – kilka uwag na temat „niepokoju kosmologicznego” Stanisława Ignacego Witkiewicza(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Szynkiewicz, MariuszStanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz was one of the greatest and unconventional artists of his generation. This text pertains to philosophical aspects of S.I. Witkiewicz literature. The author’s philosophical vision of cosmos and sense of human live is examined from the perspective of a claim that philosophical contemplation is inherent in the cosmological contexts of Witkiewicz’s novels.Item Szacunek, dystans, inkluzja Paleta interaktywnych ćwiczeń do lekcji etyki (grupa wiekowa 10–14 lat)(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Marsal, Eva; Dobashi, Takara; Nowak, EwaAuthentic feelings like respect and similar moral emotions already start to develop in preverbal infants. However, our schooling systems offer only very few opportunities to train respectful behavior. Marsal, Dobashi, and Nowak introduce four interactive exercices in order to implement them in the moral and democratic education. All exercices are based on Martens’ Five Finger Method and on the didactic experiences made by authors in Germany, Japan, and Poland too.Item Spór o uniwersalia(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Jaroszewska, AnnaThe problem of universals has been taken over by the medieval philosophers through the commentators, especially by Porfiriusz. Medieval philosophers had united issues mentioned by Porfiriusz with response to Boecjusz, creating an alternative: “thing” or “word”. The most staunch phase of the dispute took place in the XI and XII centuries around two positions: “a realistic” and “nominalistic”, there has been an attempt to reach a compromise by marginal discarding; then three concepts was developed: “conceptualism” (“sermonizm”), “moderate conceptual realism” or “set theory”.Item Pojedynek honorowy – demonstracja kompetencji honorowych czy pieniactwo?(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Byczyński, MarcinDiscussing the matter of dueling of honour a question al- ways arises, is the duel of honour just another form of ritualized murder, an instrument to kill a person with full acceptance of the society, or is there something more about the duel of honour. Analyzing available historical sources and comparing different regulations from Polish codices of honour, the duel of honour will be scrutinized in search of its aim, of its grist, of its role in the honourable conduct. The competences demanded from a gentle- man by the honour codices will be reconstructed answering the question – is the duel of honour a demonstration of certain com- petences or just barretry?Item Dydaktyka online i semi-online: jak stosować technologie cyfrowe w nauczaniu filozofii i etyki(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Nowak, EwaInternet access and semi-online teaching methods seem to be useful in a scientific and technological education. How efficient they can be in a philosophical and sociomoral education? Expe- riencing of full inclusion and open discourse are preconditions of moral and democratic education. I show supporting opportunities for semi-online teaching by giving an exemple that is based o sto- ry from A. Schopenhauer.Item Dikaiosyne – sprawiedliwość. Genealogia pojęcia(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Juchacz, Piotr W.The concept of justice takes a central position in practical philosophy from the birth of philosophical reflection in the ancient Greece to contemporary discussions in political, social, and moral philosophy. This article presents a genealogy and development of the Greek concept of dikaiosyne (δικαιοσύνη). It starts with the first poetical appearances of a term dike (δίκη) in Homer’s poetry, continues with the analysis through its more sophisticated application by Hesiod, and finally it reaches the pivotal philosophical transformations of dike into dikaiosyne in The Histories of Herodotus.Item Jerzy Kmita – interpretacja humanistyczna i społeczno-regulacyjna koncepcja kultury(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Bonecki, MateuszThis paper presents two main topics which Jerzy Kmita addresses in his methodological writings. The first one involves the conception of “humanistic interpretation” which Kmita describes as a kind of reasoning and explanation applied within the humanities. The second consists in the so-called “socio- regulatory definition of culture”, according to which culture is identified with a set of intersubjective beliefs guiding and regulating human actions. Based on both methodological concepts, humanities may be defined as a range of academic disciplines which in the course of humanistic interpretation hypothetically ascribe cultural beliefs to social agents in order to explain their behavior.